Evaluation of biological properties of green-synthesized ZnSe quantum dots using microfluidic systems: A novel approach to enhancing antibacterial activity

This study developed a green, eco-friendly, and rapid method for synthesizing zinc selenide quantum dots (ZnSe QDs) using the aqueous extract of Ficus johannis as a natural reducing and stabilizing agent. The extract was prepared through ultrasonic treatment at 40 °C for 15 min, enabling the synthes...

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Main Authors: Zinab Moradi Alvand, Fateme Aghamir, Hamid Reza Rajabi, Hasan Rafati
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-09-01
Series:Applied Surface Science Advances
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666523925001205
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author Zinab Moradi Alvand
Fateme Aghamir
Hamid Reza Rajabi
Hasan Rafati
author_facet Zinab Moradi Alvand
Fateme Aghamir
Hamid Reza Rajabi
Hasan Rafati
author_sort Zinab Moradi Alvand
collection DOAJ
description This study developed a green, eco-friendly, and rapid method for synthesizing zinc selenide quantum dots (ZnSe QDs) using the aqueous extract of Ficus johannis as a natural reducing and stabilizing agent. The extract was prepared through ultrasonic treatment at 40 °C for 15 min, enabling the synthesis of ZnSe QDs via the reaction between zinc nitrate and selenium dioxide. The ZnSe QDs were characterized using UV–Vis spectroscopy (absorption at ∼410 nm), fluorescence spectroscopy (emission at ∼473 nm), transmission electron microscopy (spherical morphology), and X-ray diffraction, (crystalline structure), confirming their spherical shape and average size of 6.9±1.2 nm. The synthesized ZnSe QDs demonstrated significant antibacterial activity, with minimum inhibitory concentration values of 0.8 mg/mL against Gram-positive B. subtilis and 1.6 mg/mL against Gram-negative Escherichia coli. Mechanistic studies revealed damage to bacterial membranes via potassium leakage and protein/nucleic acid release, supported by scanning electron microscopy observations of bacterial cell lysis. Using a microfluidic system further enhanced antibacterial efficacy, enabling faster and higher potassium leakage than conventional methods. Toxicity assays using Allium cepa bulbs revealed cytotoxic effects, suggesting the need for further research to mitigate toxicity for biomedical applications. Overall, this study showcases a green synthesis method with promising potential in nanomedicine.
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spelling doaj-art-91992991fd1b460395dc4a5ae3adb11a2025-08-20T03:59:41ZengElsevierApplied Surface Science Advances2666-52392025-09-012910081210.1016/j.apsadv.2025.100812Evaluation of biological properties of green-synthesized ZnSe quantum dots using microfluidic systems: A novel approach to enhancing antibacterial activityZinab Moradi Alvand0Fateme Aghamir1Hamid Reza Rajabi2Hasan Rafati3Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti, IranDepartment of Agriculture, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran; Corresponding author.Chemistry Department, Yasouj University, Yasouj, 75918-74831, IranDepartment of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti, IranThis study developed a green, eco-friendly, and rapid method for synthesizing zinc selenide quantum dots (ZnSe QDs) using the aqueous extract of Ficus johannis as a natural reducing and stabilizing agent. The extract was prepared through ultrasonic treatment at 40 °C for 15 min, enabling the synthesis of ZnSe QDs via the reaction between zinc nitrate and selenium dioxide. The ZnSe QDs were characterized using UV–Vis spectroscopy (absorption at ∼410 nm), fluorescence spectroscopy (emission at ∼473 nm), transmission electron microscopy (spherical morphology), and X-ray diffraction, (crystalline structure), confirming their spherical shape and average size of 6.9±1.2 nm. The synthesized ZnSe QDs demonstrated significant antibacterial activity, with minimum inhibitory concentration values of 0.8 mg/mL against Gram-positive B. subtilis and 1.6 mg/mL against Gram-negative Escherichia coli. Mechanistic studies revealed damage to bacterial membranes via potassium leakage and protein/nucleic acid release, supported by scanning electron microscopy observations of bacterial cell lysis. Using a microfluidic system further enhanced antibacterial efficacy, enabling faster and higher potassium leakage than conventional methods. Toxicity assays using Allium cepa bulbs revealed cytotoxic effects, suggesting the need for further research to mitigate toxicity for biomedical applications. Overall, this study showcases a green synthesis method with promising potential in nanomedicine.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666523925001205ZnSe QDsFicus johannisMicrofluidic systemAntimicrobialUltrasonic assisted extraction
spellingShingle Zinab Moradi Alvand
Fateme Aghamir
Hamid Reza Rajabi
Hasan Rafati
Evaluation of biological properties of green-synthesized ZnSe quantum dots using microfluidic systems: A novel approach to enhancing antibacterial activity
Applied Surface Science Advances
ZnSe QDs
Ficus johannis
Microfluidic system
Antimicrobial
Ultrasonic assisted extraction
title Evaluation of biological properties of green-synthesized ZnSe quantum dots using microfluidic systems: A novel approach to enhancing antibacterial activity
title_full Evaluation of biological properties of green-synthesized ZnSe quantum dots using microfluidic systems: A novel approach to enhancing antibacterial activity
title_fullStr Evaluation of biological properties of green-synthesized ZnSe quantum dots using microfluidic systems: A novel approach to enhancing antibacterial activity
title_full_unstemmed Evaluation of biological properties of green-synthesized ZnSe quantum dots using microfluidic systems: A novel approach to enhancing antibacterial activity
title_short Evaluation of biological properties of green-synthesized ZnSe quantum dots using microfluidic systems: A novel approach to enhancing antibacterial activity
title_sort evaluation of biological properties of green synthesized znse quantum dots using microfluidic systems a novel approach to enhancing antibacterial activity
topic ZnSe QDs
Ficus johannis
Microfluidic system
Antimicrobial
Ultrasonic assisted extraction
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666523925001205
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