Hydrodynamics of Non‐Equilibrium Soil Water Retention
Abstract Water retention in soil exhibits diverse phenomena, including suction‐saturation hysteresis, non‐unique air entrapment at zero suction and negative suction under partial saturations. The constancy of suction after a long rest can be broken by relatively minor mechanical or hydraulic agitati...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Water Resources Research |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1029/2022WR033409 |
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| author | Itai Einav Mario Liu |
| author_facet | Itai Einav Mario Liu |
| author_sort | Itai Einav |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Water retention in soil exhibits diverse phenomena, including suction‐saturation hysteresis, non‐unique air entrapment at zero suction and negative suction under partial saturations. The constancy of suction after a long rest can be broken by relatively minor mechanical or hydraulic agitations such as low‐amplitude wetting cycles—this fact is here being related to metastable states that differ from the true equilibrium. The complete suction‐saturation relationships are thus being recovered using non‐equilibrium Landau's hydrodynamic theory and Onsager's reciprocity principles. Equilibrium suction does not pertain to hysteresis, yet can be approached through small amplitude agitations over long duration. Conditions for rate independence are being described, while rate‐dependency are also accommodated and illustrated. Finally, it is shown that the new non‐equilibrium theory retains the rigorously derived equilibrium result of the effective stress of partially saturated soils. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-9196feb2a58846b68ebd2e8c159c3e2a |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0043-1397 1944-7973 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water Resources Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-9196feb2a58846b68ebd2e8c159c3e2a2025-08-20T03:30:02ZengWileyWater Resources Research0043-13971944-79732023-01-01591n/an/a10.1029/2022WR033409Hydrodynamics of Non‐Equilibrium Soil Water RetentionItai Einav0Mario Liu1School of Civil Engineering Sydney Centre in Geomechanics and Mining Materials The University of Sydney Sydney NSW AustraliaTheoretische Physik Universität Tübingen Tübingen GermanyAbstract Water retention in soil exhibits diverse phenomena, including suction‐saturation hysteresis, non‐unique air entrapment at zero suction and negative suction under partial saturations. The constancy of suction after a long rest can be broken by relatively minor mechanical or hydraulic agitations such as low‐amplitude wetting cycles—this fact is here being related to metastable states that differ from the true equilibrium. The complete suction‐saturation relationships are thus being recovered using non‐equilibrium Landau's hydrodynamic theory and Onsager's reciprocity principles. Equilibrium suction does not pertain to hysteresis, yet can be approached through small amplitude agitations over long duration. Conditions for rate independence are being described, while rate‐dependency are also accommodated and illustrated. Finally, it is shown that the new non‐equilibrium theory retains the rigorously derived equilibrium result of the effective stress of partially saturated soils.https://doi.org/10.1029/2022WR033409non‐equilibrium thermodynamicssoil water retentionhysteresiseffective stresssuctioncapillary pressure |
| spellingShingle | Itai Einav Mario Liu Hydrodynamics of Non‐Equilibrium Soil Water Retention Water Resources Research non‐equilibrium thermodynamics soil water retention hysteresis effective stress suction capillary pressure |
| title | Hydrodynamics of Non‐Equilibrium Soil Water Retention |
| title_full | Hydrodynamics of Non‐Equilibrium Soil Water Retention |
| title_fullStr | Hydrodynamics of Non‐Equilibrium Soil Water Retention |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hydrodynamics of Non‐Equilibrium Soil Water Retention |
| title_short | Hydrodynamics of Non‐Equilibrium Soil Water Retention |
| title_sort | hydrodynamics of non equilibrium soil water retention |
| topic | non‐equilibrium thermodynamics soil water retention hysteresis effective stress suction capillary pressure |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1029/2022WR033409 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT itaieinav hydrodynamicsofnonequilibriumsoilwaterretention AT marioliu hydrodynamicsofnonequilibriumsoilwaterretention |