Numerical Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the Use of Endplates in Front Wings in Formula One Cars under Multiple Track Operating Conditions

The last change in the technical regulations of Formula One that came into force in 2022 brought with it significant changes in the aerodynamics of the vehicle; among these, those made to the front wing stand out since the wing was changed to a more straightforward shape with fewer parts but with no...

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Main Authors: Aldo Saul Laguna-Canales, Guillermo Urriolagoitia-Sosa, Beatriz Romero-Ángeles, Miguel Martinez-Mondragon, Miguel Angel García-Laguna, Reyner Iván Yparrea-Arreola, Jonatan Mireles-Hernández, Francisco Carrasco-Hernández, Alejandro Urriolagoitia-Luna, Guillermo Manuel Urriolagoitia-Calderón
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-10-01
Series:Fluids
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5521/9/10/232
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author Aldo Saul Laguna-Canales
Guillermo Urriolagoitia-Sosa
Beatriz Romero-Ángeles
Miguel Martinez-Mondragon
Miguel Angel García-Laguna
Reyner Iván Yparrea-Arreola
Jonatan Mireles-Hernández
Francisco Carrasco-Hernández
Alejandro Urriolagoitia-Luna
Guillermo Manuel Urriolagoitia-Calderón
author_facet Aldo Saul Laguna-Canales
Guillermo Urriolagoitia-Sosa
Beatriz Romero-Ángeles
Miguel Martinez-Mondragon
Miguel Angel García-Laguna
Reyner Iván Yparrea-Arreola
Jonatan Mireles-Hernández
Francisco Carrasco-Hernández
Alejandro Urriolagoitia-Luna
Guillermo Manuel Urriolagoitia-Calderón
author_sort Aldo Saul Laguna-Canales
collection DOAJ
description The last change in the technical regulations of Formula One that came into force in 2022 brought with it significant changes in the aerodynamics of the vehicle; among these, those made to the front wing stand out since the wing was changed to a more straightforward shape with fewer parts but with no less efficiency. The reduction in its components suggests that if one part were to suffer damage or break down, the efficiency of the entire front wing would be affected; however, from 2022 to date, there have been occasions in which the cars have continued running on the track despite losing some of the endplates. This research seeks to understand the endplates’ impact on the front wing through a series of CFD simulations using the <i>k-ω SST</i> turbulence model. To determine efficiency, the aerodynamic forces generated on the vehicle’s front wing, suspension, and front wheels were compared in two different operating situations using a model with the front wing in good condition and another in which the endplates were removed. The first case study simulated a straight line at a maximum speed where the Downforce is reduced by 2.716% while the Drag and Yaw increase by 7.092% and 96.332%, respectively, when the model does not have endplates. On the other hand, the second case study was the passage through a curve with a decrease of 17.707% in Downforce, 6.532% in Drag, and 22.200% in Yaw.
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spelling doaj-art-9193ce41fb6d4208b94fa9ac8cb9456f2025-08-20T02:11:12ZengMDPI AGFluids2311-55212024-10-0191023210.3390/fluids9100232Numerical Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the Use of Endplates in Front Wings in Formula One Cars under Multiple Track Operating ConditionsAldo Saul Laguna-Canales0Guillermo Urriolagoitia-Sosa1Beatriz Romero-Ángeles2Miguel Martinez-Mondragon3Miguel Angel García-Laguna4Reyner Iván Yparrea-Arreola5Jonatan Mireles-Hernández6Francisco Carrasco-Hernández7Alejandro Urriolagoitia-Luna8Guillermo Manuel Urriolagoitia-Calderón9Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica—Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos “Zacatenco”, Col. Lindavista, Alcaldía Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México C.P. 07329, MexicoInstituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica—Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos “Zacatenco”, Col. Lindavista, Alcaldía Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México C.P. 07329, MexicoInstituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica—Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos “Zacatenco”, Col. Lindavista, Alcaldía Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México C.P. 07329, MexicoInstituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica—Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos “Zacatenco”, Col. Lindavista, Alcaldía Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México C.P. 07329, MexicoInstituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica—Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos “Zacatenco”, Col. Lindavista, Alcaldía Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México C.P. 07329, MexicoInstituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica—Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos “Zacatenco”, Col. Lindavista, Alcaldía Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México C.P. 07329, MexicoUnidad Abierta y a Distancia de México, Energías Renovables, Av. Universidad 1200, Piso 1, Cuadrante 1-2, Xoco Alcaldía Benito Juárez, Ciudad de México C.P. 03330, MexicoUniversidad Tecnológica de Durango, Mecatrónica y Energías Renovables, Carretera Durango-Mezquital, km 4.5 S/N, Gavino Santillán, Durango C.P. 34308, MexicoInstituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica—Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos “Zacatenco”, Col. Lindavista, Alcaldía Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México C.P. 07329, MexicoInstituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica—Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos “Zacatenco”, Col. Lindavista, Alcaldía Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México C.P. 07329, MexicoThe last change in the technical regulations of Formula One that came into force in 2022 brought with it significant changes in the aerodynamics of the vehicle; among these, those made to the front wing stand out since the wing was changed to a more straightforward shape with fewer parts but with no less efficiency. The reduction in its components suggests that if one part were to suffer damage or break down, the efficiency of the entire front wing would be affected; however, from 2022 to date, there have been occasions in which the cars have continued running on the track despite losing some of the endplates. This research seeks to understand the endplates’ impact on the front wing through a series of CFD simulations using the <i>k-ω SST</i> turbulence model. To determine efficiency, the aerodynamic forces generated on the vehicle’s front wing, suspension, and front wheels were compared in two different operating situations using a model with the front wing in good condition and another in which the endplates were removed. The first case study simulated a straight line at a maximum speed where the Downforce is reduced by 2.716% while the Drag and Yaw increase by 7.092% and 96.332%, respectively, when the model does not have endplates. On the other hand, the second case study was the passage through a curve with a decrease of 17.707% in Downforce, 6.532% in Drag, and 22.200% in Yaw.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5521/9/10/232front wingendplateFormula OneaerodynamicsmotorsportCFD simulations
spellingShingle Aldo Saul Laguna-Canales
Guillermo Urriolagoitia-Sosa
Beatriz Romero-Ángeles
Miguel Martinez-Mondragon
Miguel Angel García-Laguna
Reyner Iván Yparrea-Arreola
Jonatan Mireles-Hernández
Francisco Carrasco-Hernández
Alejandro Urriolagoitia-Luna
Guillermo Manuel Urriolagoitia-Calderón
Numerical Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the Use of Endplates in Front Wings in Formula One Cars under Multiple Track Operating Conditions
Fluids
front wing
endplate
Formula One
aerodynamics
motorsport
CFD simulations
title Numerical Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the Use of Endplates in Front Wings in Formula One Cars under Multiple Track Operating Conditions
title_full Numerical Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the Use of Endplates in Front Wings in Formula One Cars under Multiple Track Operating Conditions
title_fullStr Numerical Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the Use of Endplates in Front Wings in Formula One Cars under Multiple Track Operating Conditions
title_full_unstemmed Numerical Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the Use of Endplates in Front Wings in Formula One Cars under Multiple Track Operating Conditions
title_short Numerical Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the Use of Endplates in Front Wings in Formula One Cars under Multiple Track Operating Conditions
title_sort numerical evaluation of the effectiveness of the use of endplates in front wings in formula one cars under multiple track operating conditions
topic front wing
endplate
Formula One
aerodynamics
motorsport
CFD simulations
url https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5521/9/10/232
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