The Current Pathogenicity and Potential Risk Assessment of Nipah Virus as Potential Cause of “Disease X”: A Narrative Review
ABSTRACT Background and Aims The World Health Organization (WHO) recognized the potential for a severe international epidemic and introduced the term “Disease X” to classify pathogens that not yet identified. The Nipah virus (NiV) is highly dangerous due to its zoonotic nature, high mortality rate,...
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Wiley
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Health Science Reports |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70241 |
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| author | Samiha Mehnaz Ramisa Anjum Fatema Rahman Mithila Syed Masudur Rahman Dewan Md. Rabiul Islam |
| author_facet | Samiha Mehnaz Ramisa Anjum Fatema Rahman Mithila Syed Masudur Rahman Dewan Md. Rabiul Islam |
| author_sort | Samiha Mehnaz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACT Background and Aims The World Health Organization (WHO) recognized the potential for a severe international epidemic and introduced the term “Disease X” to classify pathogens that not yet identified. The Nipah virus (NiV) is highly dangerous due to its zoonotic nature, high mortality rate, and ability to cause severe clinical symptoms in humans. In this review, we gather the latest information on the NiV and its potential to become a significant candidate for Disease X. Methods We performed a thorough review of articles published in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar using appropriate MeSH terms and keywords. Studies reported NiV infection were considered for this review. Results The NiV exhibits different epidemiological patterns in different countries that calls for customized prevention and control strategies. Genetic analysis highlights NiV's ability to mutate that alters possible treatment options. Transmission typically involves bats as the primary reservoir, with humans becoming infected either through intermediate hosts or food. This shows NiV's complex nature, including its ability to reach the central nervous system through the olfactory nerve. Promising treatment options, such as monoclonal antibodies, antivirals, and ongoing vaccine research, provide hope. However, the virus's adaptability, human‐to‐human transmission, and the lack of specific antiviral therapy raise concerns about its potential to cause a global pandemic. The interconnection between animals, humans, and the environment stresses the need for a One Health approach to tackle emerging infectious disease by NiV. Conclusion Global collaboration, surveillance, and research investments are imperative for the preparation of future pandemics. The ongoing COVID‐19 challenges underscoring the critical need for sustained scientific endeavors, global leadership, and recognition of the prominence of NiV as a candidate for the potential Disease X. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-9193c0b2460a4485ac7a17566f7dbe57 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2398-8835 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Health Science Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-9193c0b2460a4485ac7a17566f7dbe572024-12-30T08:46:34ZengWileyHealth Science Reports2398-88352024-12-01712n/an/a10.1002/hsr2.70241The Current Pathogenicity and Potential Risk Assessment of Nipah Virus as Potential Cause of “Disease X”: A Narrative ReviewSamiha Mehnaz0Ramisa Anjum1Fatema Rahman Mithila2Syed Masudur Rahman Dewan3Md. Rabiul Islam4Department of Pharmacy University of Asia Pacific Dhaka BangladeshDepartment of Pharmacy University of Asia Pacific Dhaka BangladeshSchool of Pharmacy BRAC University Dhaka BangladeshDepartment of Pharmacy, School of Life Sciences United International University Dhaka BangladeshSchool of Pharmacy BRAC University Dhaka BangladeshABSTRACT Background and Aims The World Health Organization (WHO) recognized the potential for a severe international epidemic and introduced the term “Disease X” to classify pathogens that not yet identified. The Nipah virus (NiV) is highly dangerous due to its zoonotic nature, high mortality rate, and ability to cause severe clinical symptoms in humans. In this review, we gather the latest information on the NiV and its potential to become a significant candidate for Disease X. Methods We performed a thorough review of articles published in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar using appropriate MeSH terms and keywords. Studies reported NiV infection were considered for this review. Results The NiV exhibits different epidemiological patterns in different countries that calls for customized prevention and control strategies. Genetic analysis highlights NiV's ability to mutate that alters possible treatment options. Transmission typically involves bats as the primary reservoir, with humans becoming infected either through intermediate hosts or food. This shows NiV's complex nature, including its ability to reach the central nervous system through the olfactory nerve. Promising treatment options, such as monoclonal antibodies, antivirals, and ongoing vaccine research, provide hope. However, the virus's adaptability, human‐to‐human transmission, and the lack of specific antiviral therapy raise concerns about its potential to cause a global pandemic. The interconnection between animals, humans, and the environment stresses the need for a One Health approach to tackle emerging infectious disease by NiV. Conclusion Global collaboration, surveillance, and research investments are imperative for the preparation of future pandemics. The ongoing COVID‐19 challenges underscoring the critical need for sustained scientific endeavors, global leadership, and recognition of the prominence of NiV as a candidate for the potential Disease X.https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70241disease outbreakshenipavirus infectionsinfectious diseaseNipah viruspublic healthvirus diseases |
| spellingShingle | Samiha Mehnaz Ramisa Anjum Fatema Rahman Mithila Syed Masudur Rahman Dewan Md. Rabiul Islam The Current Pathogenicity and Potential Risk Assessment of Nipah Virus as Potential Cause of “Disease X”: A Narrative Review Health Science Reports disease outbreaks henipavirus infections infectious disease Nipah virus public health virus diseases |
| title | The Current Pathogenicity and Potential Risk Assessment of Nipah Virus as Potential Cause of “Disease X”: A Narrative Review |
| title_full | The Current Pathogenicity and Potential Risk Assessment of Nipah Virus as Potential Cause of “Disease X”: A Narrative Review |
| title_fullStr | The Current Pathogenicity and Potential Risk Assessment of Nipah Virus as Potential Cause of “Disease X”: A Narrative Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Current Pathogenicity and Potential Risk Assessment of Nipah Virus as Potential Cause of “Disease X”: A Narrative Review |
| title_short | The Current Pathogenicity and Potential Risk Assessment of Nipah Virus as Potential Cause of “Disease X”: A Narrative Review |
| title_sort | current pathogenicity and potential risk assessment of nipah virus as potential cause of disease x a narrative review |
| topic | disease outbreaks henipavirus infections infectious disease Nipah virus public health virus diseases |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70241 |
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