Biomarkers of Brain Ischemia (Review)
Introduction. Strokes remain the second leading cause of death and the third leading cause of disability. Additional serum biomarker testing should be used to better diagnose transient ischemic attack (TIA), but most neurospecific biomarkers have low prognostic specificity and sensitivity. Timely id...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | Russian |
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LLC Center of Pharmaceutical Analytics (LLC «CPHA»)
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Разработка и регистрация лекарственных средств |
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| Online Access: | https://www.pharmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/1723 |
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| author | A. S. Samoylov E. I. Balakin V. I. Pustovoit |
| author_facet | A. S. Samoylov E. I. Balakin V. I. Pustovoit |
| author_sort | A. S. Samoylov |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction. Strokes remain the second leading cause of death and the third leading cause of disability. Additional serum biomarker testing should be used to better diagnose transient ischemic attack (TIA), but most neurospecific biomarkers have low prognostic specificity and sensitivity. Timely identification of TIA and differential diagnosis of stroke in the first hour will ensure a shorter period of patient recovery and reduce the risk of mortality and disability. Serum biomarker studies should be included to overcome the difficulty of diagnosing TIA.Text. Neurospecific biomarkers such as S100B, GFAP, and NSE are used to diagnose acute ischemic damage to glial cells and neurons. S100B and GFAP are detected in astrocytes and NSE in neurons and cells of the neuroendocrine system. Elevated serum concentrations of these biomarkers are associated with various pathological conditions such as strokes and brain injuries and other central nervous system (CNS) lesions. Dynamic monitoring of biomarker concentrations makes it possible to evaluate the efficacy of the ongoing therapy and to identify predictors of patient deterioration for prompt correction of therapeutic procedures. To create a diagnostic panel it is necessary to study metabolic processes in ischemic tissue, taking into account concomitant diagnoses and results of neuroimaging, and to use breakthrough advances in machine learning and big data.Conclusion. The review showed that none of the assessed biomarkers can be recommended for the diagnosis of cerebral circulation disorders, but the combination of several neurospecific biomarkers can significantly improve diagnostic efficiency and find application in the differential diagnosis of stroke, intracranial hematoma, and other brain lesions for the purpose of early pharmacotherapy of CNS lesions and as surrogate endpoints during clinical trials. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-9182f68d7fd94651b0e478786cda546d |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2305-2066 2658-5049 |
| language | Russian |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | LLC Center of Pharmaceutical Analytics (LLC «CPHA») |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Разработка и регистрация лекарственных средств |
| spelling | doaj-art-9182f68d7fd94651b0e478786cda546d2025-08-20T03:35:00ZrusLLC Center of Pharmaceutical Analytics (LLC «CPHA»)Разработка и регистрация лекарственных средств2305-20662658-50492024-03-0113118218910.33380/2305-2066-2024-13-1-14781212Biomarkers of Brain Ischemia (Review)A. S. Samoylov0E. I. Balakin1V. I. Pustovoit2State Research Center – A. I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological AgencyState Research Center – A. I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological AgencyState Research Center – A. I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological AgencyIntroduction. Strokes remain the second leading cause of death and the third leading cause of disability. Additional serum biomarker testing should be used to better diagnose transient ischemic attack (TIA), but most neurospecific biomarkers have low prognostic specificity and sensitivity. Timely identification of TIA and differential diagnosis of stroke in the first hour will ensure a shorter period of patient recovery and reduce the risk of mortality and disability. Serum biomarker studies should be included to overcome the difficulty of diagnosing TIA.Text. Neurospecific biomarkers such as S100B, GFAP, and NSE are used to diagnose acute ischemic damage to glial cells and neurons. S100B and GFAP are detected in astrocytes and NSE in neurons and cells of the neuroendocrine system. Elevated serum concentrations of these biomarkers are associated with various pathological conditions such as strokes and brain injuries and other central nervous system (CNS) lesions. Dynamic monitoring of biomarker concentrations makes it possible to evaluate the efficacy of the ongoing therapy and to identify predictors of patient deterioration for prompt correction of therapeutic procedures. To create a diagnostic panel it is necessary to study metabolic processes in ischemic tissue, taking into account concomitant diagnoses and results of neuroimaging, and to use breakthrough advances in machine learning and big data.Conclusion. The review showed that none of the assessed biomarkers can be recommended for the diagnosis of cerebral circulation disorders, but the combination of several neurospecific biomarkers can significantly improve diagnostic efficiency and find application in the differential diagnosis of stroke, intracranial hematoma, and other brain lesions for the purpose of early pharmacotherapy of CNS lesions and as surrogate endpoints during clinical trials.https://www.pharmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/1723biomarkerstroketransient ischemic attacktia |
| spellingShingle | A. S. Samoylov E. I. Balakin V. I. Pustovoit Biomarkers of Brain Ischemia (Review) Разработка и регистрация лекарственных средств biomarker stroke transient ischemic attack tia |
| title | Biomarkers of Brain Ischemia (Review) |
| title_full | Biomarkers of Brain Ischemia (Review) |
| title_fullStr | Biomarkers of Brain Ischemia (Review) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biomarkers of Brain Ischemia (Review) |
| title_short | Biomarkers of Brain Ischemia (Review) |
| title_sort | biomarkers of brain ischemia review |
| topic | biomarker stroke transient ischemic attack tia |
| url | https://www.pharmjournal.ru/jour/article/view/1723 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT assamoylov biomarkersofbrainischemiareview AT eibalakin biomarkersofbrainischemiareview AT vipustovoit biomarkersofbrainischemiareview |