Closing Gaps in Chronic Kidney Disease Detection: Evaluating At-Home Targeted Testing in a Safety-Net Population

Introduction: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) affects 1 in 7 adults in the United States, yet 90% of those impacted remain unaware of their condition, and fewer than 20% of at-risk individuals are appropriately tested. Safety-net health care settings are disproportionately burdened by CKD, with a patie...

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Main Authors: Megan Schultz, Katelyn Laue, Nicole Bryer, Andrew Bzowyckyj, Anuja Java, Leslie Lake, Elizabeth Talbot-Montgomery, Brit Sovic, Bri’Anna Watson, Joseph A. Vassalotti
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SAGE Publishing 2025-07-01
Series:Journal of Primary Care & Community Health
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1177/21501319251358923
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author Megan Schultz
Katelyn Laue
Nicole Bryer
Andrew Bzowyckyj
Anuja Java
Leslie Lake
Elizabeth Talbot-Montgomery
Brit Sovic
Bri’Anna Watson
Joseph A. Vassalotti
author_facet Megan Schultz
Katelyn Laue
Nicole Bryer
Andrew Bzowyckyj
Anuja Java
Leslie Lake
Elizabeth Talbot-Montgomery
Brit Sovic
Bri’Anna Watson
Joseph A. Vassalotti
author_sort Megan Schultz
collection DOAJ
description Introduction: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) affects 1 in 7 adults in the United States, yet 90% of those impacted remain unaware of their condition, and fewer than 20% of at-risk individuals are appropriately tested. Safety-net health care settings are disproportionately burdened by CKD, with a patient population enriched for CKD risk factors, social deprivation, and barriers to diagnostic testing which delay access to diagnosis and lifesaving interventions. The National Kidney Foundation partnered with a Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC) to evaluate an approach to increase guideline-recommended testing among patients at high-risk for developing CKD. Methods: Through electronic health record (EHR) data analysis, eligible patients were identified to receive an at-home, semi-quantitative urine albumin-creatine ratio (uACR) testing kit. The kits provided immediate results via a smartphone application, as well as automatically routed to the clinic EHR for the patient’s provider to coordinate necessary follow-up care. This initiative was conducted in Missouri, USA in 2023 and evaluated using domains of the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework. Results: Results reflect that 1496 of 4677 (32%) eligible patients completed uACR testing with 50% receiving abnormal results indicative of albuminuria. Of those with evidence of albuminuria, 84% had follow-up visits and 32% completed appropriate follow-up testing based on clinical guidelines. Albuminuria was prevalent across all age groups, with 69% of abnormal results appearing in patients under 60 years. Consistent with national data, patients identifying as Black were significantly more likely to have albuminuria in this cohort ( P  < .0001). Notably, most patients with albuminuria had an eGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 . Conclusions: Findings highlight the urgency of improving uACR testing for early CKD diagnosis, especially in safety-net settings. The findings also demonstrate the utility of at-home testing to improve access to care across underserved communities and represent a replicable, efficient model to identify those with high risk of CKD progression. While the program required significant time and coordination, this can be streamlined for analogous programs. Future opportunities exist to further the impacts including additional quality improvement activities to ensure follow-up testing and close gaps in CKD care.
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spelling doaj-art-916f5bbae4274cbb96aee9ead053f06b2025-08-20T03:00:19ZengSAGE PublishingJournal of Primary Care & Community Health2150-13272025-07-011610.1177/21501319251358923Closing Gaps in Chronic Kidney Disease Detection: Evaluating At-Home Targeted Testing in a Safety-Net PopulationMegan Schultz0Katelyn Laue1Nicole Bryer2Andrew Bzowyckyj3Anuja Java4Leslie Lake5Elizabeth Talbot-Montgomery6Brit Sovic7Bri’Anna Watson8Joseph A. Vassalotti9National Kidney Foundation, New York, NY, USANational Kidney Foundation, New York, NY, USAAffinia Healthcare, St. Louis, MO, USANational Kidney Foundation, New York, NY, USAWashington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USAAffinia Healthcare, St. Louis, MO, USANational Kidney Foundation, New York, NY, USANational Kidney Foundation, New York, NY, USAAffinia Healthcare, St. Louis, MO, USAIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USAIntroduction: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) affects 1 in 7 adults in the United States, yet 90% of those impacted remain unaware of their condition, and fewer than 20% of at-risk individuals are appropriately tested. Safety-net health care settings are disproportionately burdened by CKD, with a patient population enriched for CKD risk factors, social deprivation, and barriers to diagnostic testing which delay access to diagnosis and lifesaving interventions. The National Kidney Foundation partnered with a Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC) to evaluate an approach to increase guideline-recommended testing among patients at high-risk for developing CKD. Methods: Through electronic health record (EHR) data analysis, eligible patients were identified to receive an at-home, semi-quantitative urine albumin-creatine ratio (uACR) testing kit. The kits provided immediate results via a smartphone application, as well as automatically routed to the clinic EHR for the patient’s provider to coordinate necessary follow-up care. This initiative was conducted in Missouri, USA in 2023 and evaluated using domains of the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework. Results: Results reflect that 1496 of 4677 (32%) eligible patients completed uACR testing with 50% receiving abnormal results indicative of albuminuria. Of those with evidence of albuminuria, 84% had follow-up visits and 32% completed appropriate follow-up testing based on clinical guidelines. Albuminuria was prevalent across all age groups, with 69% of abnormal results appearing in patients under 60 years. Consistent with national data, patients identifying as Black were significantly more likely to have albuminuria in this cohort ( P  < .0001). Notably, most patients with albuminuria had an eGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 . Conclusions: Findings highlight the urgency of improving uACR testing for early CKD diagnosis, especially in safety-net settings. The findings also demonstrate the utility of at-home testing to improve access to care across underserved communities and represent a replicable, efficient model to identify those with high risk of CKD progression. While the program required significant time and coordination, this can be streamlined for analogous programs. Future opportunities exist to further the impacts including additional quality improvement activities to ensure follow-up testing and close gaps in CKD care.https://doi.org/10.1177/21501319251358923
spellingShingle Megan Schultz
Katelyn Laue
Nicole Bryer
Andrew Bzowyckyj
Anuja Java
Leslie Lake
Elizabeth Talbot-Montgomery
Brit Sovic
Bri’Anna Watson
Joseph A. Vassalotti
Closing Gaps in Chronic Kidney Disease Detection: Evaluating At-Home Targeted Testing in a Safety-Net Population
Journal of Primary Care & Community Health
title Closing Gaps in Chronic Kidney Disease Detection: Evaluating At-Home Targeted Testing in a Safety-Net Population
title_full Closing Gaps in Chronic Kidney Disease Detection: Evaluating At-Home Targeted Testing in a Safety-Net Population
title_fullStr Closing Gaps in Chronic Kidney Disease Detection: Evaluating At-Home Targeted Testing in a Safety-Net Population
title_full_unstemmed Closing Gaps in Chronic Kidney Disease Detection: Evaluating At-Home Targeted Testing in a Safety-Net Population
title_short Closing Gaps in Chronic Kidney Disease Detection: Evaluating At-Home Targeted Testing in a Safety-Net Population
title_sort closing gaps in chronic kidney disease detection evaluating at home targeted testing in a safety net population
url https://doi.org/10.1177/21501319251358923
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