TLR4+group 2 innate lymphoid cells contribute to persistent type 2 immunity in airway diseases

Abstract Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) directly contribute to local inflammation in type 2 inflammatory airway diseases. Here, we identify ILC2 subsets by single cell RNA sequencing in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and in a memory inflammatory mouse model. We find that to...

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Main Authors: Yan Li, Zaichuan Wang, Su Duan, Xue Wang, Yuling Zhang, Claus Bachert, Nan Zhang, Wei Wang, Sun Ying, Feng Lan, Chengshuo Wang, Luo Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-62532-0
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author Yan Li
Zaichuan Wang
Su Duan
Xue Wang
Yuling Zhang
Claus Bachert
Nan Zhang
Wei Wang
Sun Ying
Feng Lan
Chengshuo Wang
Luo Zhang
author_facet Yan Li
Zaichuan Wang
Su Duan
Xue Wang
Yuling Zhang
Claus Bachert
Nan Zhang
Wei Wang
Sun Ying
Feng Lan
Chengshuo Wang
Luo Zhang
author_sort Yan Li
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) directly contribute to local inflammation in type 2 inflammatory airway diseases. Here, we identify ILC2 subsets by single cell RNA sequencing in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and in a memory inflammatory mouse model. We find that toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)+ILC2s, with similar markers to their human counterparts, expresse memory cell markers, persist over time, and respond more vigorously to a secondary unrelated antigen challenge in the mouse model. Genetic ablation of TLR4 or blockade by anti-TLR4 antibodies leads to the reduction of IL-13 expression from ILC2s and mucus production in mice. The assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing further confirms the importance of accessible TLR4 gene loci and its down-stream signaling pathway in maintaining trained immunity of TLR4+ILC2s after repeated stimulation by HDM. Taken together, TLR4 has a function in trained immunity maintenance within ILC2s, which may contribute to disease chronicity through a non-specific immunological memory.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2041-1723
language English
publishDate 2025-08-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
record_format Article
series Nature Communications
spelling doaj-art-914e4aa5bd7e43d9a4613eca0e2bedbe2025-08-20T04:03:00ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-08-0116111710.1038/s41467-025-62532-0TLR4+group 2 innate lymphoid cells contribute to persistent type 2 immunity in airway diseasesYan Li0Zaichuan Wang1Su Duan2Xue Wang3Yuling Zhang4Claus Bachert5Nan Zhang6Wei Wang7Sun Ying8Feng Lan9Chengshuo Wang10Luo Zhang11Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Medicine and Diagnostic Technology Research for Nasal DiseaseBeijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Medicine and Diagnostic Technology Research for Nasal DiseaseBeijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Medicine and Diagnostic Technology Research for Nasal DiseaseBeijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Medicine and Diagnostic Technology Research for Nasal DiseaseBeijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Medicine and Diagnostic Technology Research for Nasal DiseaseDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of MünsterUpper Airways Research Laboratory, ENT Department, Ghent UniversityDepartment of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical UniversityDepartment of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Medicine and Diagnostic Technology Research for Nasal DiseaseBeijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Medicine and Diagnostic Technology Research for Nasal DiseaseBeijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Medicine and Diagnostic Technology Research for Nasal DiseaseAbstract Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) directly contribute to local inflammation in type 2 inflammatory airway diseases. Here, we identify ILC2 subsets by single cell RNA sequencing in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and in a memory inflammatory mouse model. We find that toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)+ILC2s, with similar markers to their human counterparts, expresse memory cell markers, persist over time, and respond more vigorously to a secondary unrelated antigen challenge in the mouse model. Genetic ablation of TLR4 or blockade by anti-TLR4 antibodies leads to the reduction of IL-13 expression from ILC2s and mucus production in mice. The assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing further confirms the importance of accessible TLR4 gene loci and its down-stream signaling pathway in maintaining trained immunity of TLR4+ILC2s after repeated stimulation by HDM. Taken together, TLR4 has a function in trained immunity maintenance within ILC2s, which may contribute to disease chronicity through a non-specific immunological memory.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-62532-0
spellingShingle Yan Li
Zaichuan Wang
Su Duan
Xue Wang
Yuling Zhang
Claus Bachert
Nan Zhang
Wei Wang
Sun Ying
Feng Lan
Chengshuo Wang
Luo Zhang
TLR4+group 2 innate lymphoid cells contribute to persistent type 2 immunity in airway diseases
Nature Communications
title TLR4+group 2 innate lymphoid cells contribute to persistent type 2 immunity in airway diseases
title_full TLR4+group 2 innate lymphoid cells contribute to persistent type 2 immunity in airway diseases
title_fullStr TLR4+group 2 innate lymphoid cells contribute to persistent type 2 immunity in airway diseases
title_full_unstemmed TLR4+group 2 innate lymphoid cells contribute to persistent type 2 immunity in airway diseases
title_short TLR4+group 2 innate lymphoid cells contribute to persistent type 2 immunity in airway diseases
title_sort tlr4 group 2 innate lymphoid cells contribute to persistent type 2 immunity in airway diseases
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-62532-0
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