Source, dynamics, and risks of microplastics and nanoplastics in agricultural groundwater systems

Abstract Micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) are emerging contaminants increasingly recognized for their environmental and health implications. While surface water systems have been extensively studied, the presence, behavior, and impacts of MNPs in groundwater remain underexplored, despite its critical...

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Main Authors: THAIS G. CARPANEZ, LIVIA MARIA C. CASTRO, CAROLINA R. DOS SANTOS, MÍRIAM CRISTINA S. AMARAL, VICTOR R. MOREIRA
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Academia Brasileira de Ciências 2025-09-01
Series:Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0001-37652025001201007&lng=en&tlng=en
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author THAIS G. CARPANEZ
LIVIA MARIA C. CASTRO
CAROLINA R. DOS SANTOS
MÍRIAM CRISTINA S. AMARAL
VICTOR R. MOREIRA
author_facet THAIS G. CARPANEZ
LIVIA MARIA C. CASTRO
CAROLINA R. DOS SANTOS
MÍRIAM CRISTINA S. AMARAL
VICTOR R. MOREIRA
author_sort THAIS G. CARPANEZ
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) are emerging contaminants increasingly recognized for their environmental and health implications. While surface water systems have been extensively studied, the presence, behavior, and impacts of MNPs in groundwater remain underexplored, despite its critical role as water source worldwide. The findings in this review highlight that agricultural activities, particularly plastic mulches, pesticides containers, fertilizer bags, greenhouses, are major sources of MNP. Nanoplastics, predominant in groundwater due to their enhanced mobility in the vadose zone, exhibit a higher sorption capacity, facilitating the transport and accumulation of toxic substances such as hydrophobic organic pollutants and trace metals to/in groundwater. The review also discusses the hydrogeological and environmental factors influencing micro(nano)plastics distribution. In complement, synergistic and antagonistic effects arising from MNP interactions with other contaminants were reviewed, emphasizing the interactions with contaminants derived from agricultural practices (nitrate, herbicides, pesticides, and salts). Despite the generally low concentrations of MNPs in groundwater, their seasonal variability, combined with the aging of particles, underscores the need for long-term monitoring and risk assessments specific to groundwater systems. These findings reinforce the importance of research that addresses the unique challenges posed by micro- and nanoplastics in groundwater systems, ensuring their environmental protection.
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spelling doaj-art-914c2dc6dc4a48b49544985f86e6c1f12025-08-20T03:02:37ZengAcademia Brasileira de CiênciasAnais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências1678-26902025-09-0197suppl 310.1590/0001-3765202420241393Source, dynamics, and risks of microplastics and nanoplastics in agricultural groundwater systemsTHAIS G. CARPANEZhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5761-0817LIVIA MARIA C. CASTROhttps://orcid.org/0009-0002-4415-7053CAROLINA R. DOS SANTOShttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4452-866XMÍRIAM CRISTINA S. AMARALhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2246-9240VICTOR R. MOREIRAhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6368-3310Abstract Micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) are emerging contaminants increasingly recognized for their environmental and health implications. While surface water systems have been extensively studied, the presence, behavior, and impacts of MNPs in groundwater remain underexplored, despite its critical role as water source worldwide. The findings in this review highlight that agricultural activities, particularly plastic mulches, pesticides containers, fertilizer bags, greenhouses, are major sources of MNP. Nanoplastics, predominant in groundwater due to their enhanced mobility in the vadose zone, exhibit a higher sorption capacity, facilitating the transport and accumulation of toxic substances such as hydrophobic organic pollutants and trace metals to/in groundwater. The review also discusses the hydrogeological and environmental factors influencing micro(nano)plastics distribution. In complement, synergistic and antagonistic effects arising from MNP interactions with other contaminants were reviewed, emphasizing the interactions with contaminants derived from agricultural practices (nitrate, herbicides, pesticides, and salts). Despite the generally low concentrations of MNPs in groundwater, their seasonal variability, combined with the aging of particles, underscores the need for long-term monitoring and risk assessments specific to groundwater systems. These findings reinforce the importance of research that addresses the unique challenges posed by micro- and nanoplastics in groundwater systems, ensuring their environmental protection.http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0001-37652025001201007&lng=en&tlng=enagriculture and pollutionenvironmental contaminationvertical mobilitymicroplastics migration
spellingShingle THAIS G. CARPANEZ
LIVIA MARIA C. CASTRO
CAROLINA R. DOS SANTOS
MÍRIAM CRISTINA S. AMARAL
VICTOR R. MOREIRA
Source, dynamics, and risks of microplastics and nanoplastics in agricultural groundwater systems
Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências
agriculture and pollution
environmental contamination
vertical mobility
microplastics migration
title Source, dynamics, and risks of microplastics and nanoplastics in agricultural groundwater systems
title_full Source, dynamics, and risks of microplastics and nanoplastics in agricultural groundwater systems
title_fullStr Source, dynamics, and risks of microplastics and nanoplastics in agricultural groundwater systems
title_full_unstemmed Source, dynamics, and risks of microplastics and nanoplastics in agricultural groundwater systems
title_short Source, dynamics, and risks of microplastics and nanoplastics in agricultural groundwater systems
title_sort source dynamics and risks of microplastics and nanoplastics in agricultural groundwater systems
topic agriculture and pollution
environmental contamination
vertical mobility
microplastics migration
url http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0001-37652025001201007&lng=en&tlng=en
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