Not primed to agree? Short or no effect of rhythmic priming on typical adults processing number agreement

Accumulating evidence shows improved syntactic processing after exposure to a rhythmically regular compared to an irregular musical prime, environmental noise, or silence. One potentially shared system between musical rhythm and language processing may be responsible for the construction of hierarch...

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Main Authors: Dávid György, Douglas Saddy, Sonja A. Kotz, Julie Franck
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-06-01
Series:Frontiers in Psychology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1512267/full
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author Dávid György
Douglas Saddy
Sonja A. Kotz
Julie Franck
author_facet Dávid György
Douglas Saddy
Sonja A. Kotz
Julie Franck
author_sort Dávid György
collection DOAJ
description Accumulating evidence shows improved syntactic processing after exposure to a rhythmically regular compared to an irregular musical prime, environmental noise, or silence. One potentially shared system between musical rhythm and language processing may be responsible for the construction of hierarchical sequences. Following findings of a shorter-lived rhythmic priming effect in Jabberwocky and more precise neural tracking of linguistic constituents in natural language than in Jabberwocky, the present study hypothesized that (a) hierarchical structure building constitutes a key shared mechanism between rhythm and language processing and (b) semantic information may also play a role in structure building. In three experiments, French-speaking typical adults listened to 32-s rhythmic primes before completing six-sentence blocks of grammaticality judgment on natural language and jabberwocky materials in lab and online. Results showed a heavily reduced priming effect present only in the first sentence after a prime in Experiment 1 (natural language, online) and no priming in effects in Experiments 2 (jabberwocky, online) and 3 (natural language, in lab). Replicating previous results, overall grammaticality judgment d’ correlated with performance in a rhythm discrimination task. In two out of three experiments, grammaticality judgment performance correlated with rhythm discrimination. These correlations support the hypothesis of a domain-general cognitive network responsible for hierarchical structure building in rhythm and language processing, but do not rule out alternative accounts. However, the priming data showcase that the rhythmic priming effect is reduced when typical speakers process sentences containing linguistic information available at all levels compared to atypical populations processing natural language or typical adults processing syntactic structures in the absence of lexical semantics, and do not suggest a key role of lexico-semantic information in rhythmic priming. Furthermore, relationships between the rhythmic priming effect, rhythm discrimination, and spontaneous speech synchronization suggest that sensitivity to rhythmic priming may be influenced by several factors.
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spelling doaj-art-913a0fdfd4754212ac5d9becdbec0b332025-08-20T02:06:27ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychology1664-10782025-06-011610.3389/fpsyg.2025.15122671512267Not primed to agree? Short or no effect of rhythmic priming on typical adults processing number agreementDávid György0Douglas Saddy1Sonja A. Kotz2Julie Franck3Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, SwitzerlandCentre for Integrative Neuroscience and Neurodynamics, University of Reading, Reading, United KingdomDepartment of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, NetherlandsDepartment of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, SwitzerlandAccumulating evidence shows improved syntactic processing after exposure to a rhythmically regular compared to an irregular musical prime, environmental noise, or silence. One potentially shared system between musical rhythm and language processing may be responsible for the construction of hierarchical sequences. Following findings of a shorter-lived rhythmic priming effect in Jabberwocky and more precise neural tracking of linguistic constituents in natural language than in Jabberwocky, the present study hypothesized that (a) hierarchical structure building constitutes a key shared mechanism between rhythm and language processing and (b) semantic information may also play a role in structure building. In three experiments, French-speaking typical adults listened to 32-s rhythmic primes before completing six-sentence blocks of grammaticality judgment on natural language and jabberwocky materials in lab and online. Results showed a heavily reduced priming effect present only in the first sentence after a prime in Experiment 1 (natural language, online) and no priming in effects in Experiments 2 (jabberwocky, online) and 3 (natural language, in lab). Replicating previous results, overall grammaticality judgment d’ correlated with performance in a rhythm discrimination task. In two out of three experiments, grammaticality judgment performance correlated with rhythm discrimination. These correlations support the hypothesis of a domain-general cognitive network responsible for hierarchical structure building in rhythm and language processing, but do not rule out alternative accounts. However, the priming data showcase that the rhythmic priming effect is reduced when typical speakers process sentences containing linguistic information available at all levels compared to atypical populations processing natural language or typical adults processing syntactic structures in the absence of lexical semantics, and do not suggest a key role of lexico-semantic information in rhythmic priming. Furthermore, relationships between the rhythmic priming effect, rhythm discrimination, and spontaneous speech synchronization suggest that sensitivity to rhythmic priming may be influenced by several factors.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1512267/fullrhythmic primingentrainmenthierarchical structure buildingmusicsyntactic processing
spellingShingle Dávid György
Douglas Saddy
Sonja A. Kotz
Julie Franck
Not primed to agree? Short or no effect of rhythmic priming on typical adults processing number agreement
Frontiers in Psychology
rhythmic priming
entrainment
hierarchical structure building
music
syntactic processing
title Not primed to agree? Short or no effect of rhythmic priming on typical adults processing number agreement
title_full Not primed to agree? Short or no effect of rhythmic priming on typical adults processing number agreement
title_fullStr Not primed to agree? Short or no effect of rhythmic priming on typical adults processing number agreement
title_full_unstemmed Not primed to agree? Short or no effect of rhythmic priming on typical adults processing number agreement
title_short Not primed to agree? Short or no effect of rhythmic priming on typical adults processing number agreement
title_sort not primed to agree short or no effect of rhythmic priming on typical adults processing number agreement
topic rhythmic priming
entrainment
hierarchical structure building
music
syntactic processing
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1512267/full
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