Impact of Supplemented Nutrition on Semen Quality, Epigenetic-Related Gene Expression, and Oxidative Status in Boars

This study investigates the impact of nutritional supplementation on semen quality, epigenetic-related gene expression, and oxidative status in boars. Thirty boars were divided into a control group and a treatment group receiving Espermaplus (a supplement containing various vitamins, amino acids, om...

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Main Authors: Jovan Blagojević, Zoran Stanimirović, Uroš Glavinić, Slobodanka Vakanjac, Željko Radukić, Milorad Mirilović, Milan Maletić
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Animals
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/22/3297
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author Jovan Blagojević
Zoran Stanimirović
Uroš Glavinić
Slobodanka Vakanjac
Željko Radukić
Milorad Mirilović
Milan Maletić
author_facet Jovan Blagojević
Zoran Stanimirović
Uroš Glavinić
Slobodanka Vakanjac
Željko Radukić
Milorad Mirilović
Milan Maletić
author_sort Jovan Blagojević
collection DOAJ
description This study investigates the impact of nutritional supplementation on semen quality, epigenetic-related gene expression, and oxidative status in boars. Thirty boars were divided into a control group and a treatment group receiving Espermaplus (a supplement containing various vitamins, amino acids, omega-3 fatty acids, and trace elements with antioxidant properties). The experiment was performed for 12 weeks. Semen samples were collected at four moments: before starting the supplementation and after 3 weeks, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks. Spermatozoa concentration, motility, and kinematics were assessed using the CASA system. The measured parameters included curvilinear velocity—VCL; straight-line velocity—VSL; average path velocity—VAP; curvilinear distance—DCL; straight line distance—DSL; distance of average path—DAP; amplitude of lateral head displacement—ALH; beat-cross frequency—BCF; and head activity—HAC. Moreover, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in seminal plasma, as well as the concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), were measured to assess oxidative stress levels in boar’s seminal plasma. The expression of epigenetic-related genes such as Protamine 1 (<i>Prm1</i>), Protamine 2 (<i>Prm2</i>), and DNA-methyltransferase 3 alpha (<i>Dnmt3a</i>) were evaluated using real-time PCR. The treated group showed a significant increase in spermatozoa concentration (<i>p</i> = 0.003), total motility (<i>p</i> = 0.001), and progressive motility (<i>p</i> = 0.002) after 12 weeks compared to the control group. Kinematic parameters such as VCL, VSL, and VAP were also significantly higher (<i>p</i> < 0.001; <i>p</i> = 0.028; <i>p</i> < 0.001, respectively) in the treated group by the end of the experiment. SOD and GPx activities were consistently higher (<i>p</i> < 0.01; <i>p</i> < 0.001, respectively) in the treated group, indicating enhanced antioxidative capacity. TBARS levels as an indicator of lipid peroxidation and oxidative damage were significantly lower (<i>p</i> < 0.01) in the treated group by the end of the study. Significant changes were observed in the expression of epigenetic-related genes. The supplementation of boar diets with Espermaplus significantly improved semen quality, reduced oxidative stress, and had an impact on the expression levels of certain epigenetic-related genes, suggesting that dietary antioxidants and bioactive compounds can enhance boar semen.
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spelling doaj-art-9128981887d84bacb01da110b8fd09da2025-08-20T02:08:11ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152024-11-011422329710.3390/ani14223297Impact of Supplemented Nutrition on Semen Quality, Epigenetic-Related Gene Expression, and Oxidative Status in BoarsJovan Blagojević0Zoran Stanimirović1Uroš Glavinić2Slobodanka Vakanjac3Željko Radukić4Milorad Mirilović5Milan Maletić6Department of Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaDepartment of Reproduction, Fertility and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaAnimal Husbandry and Veterinary Centre “Velika Plana”, 11320 Velika Plana, SerbiaDepartment of Economics and Statistics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaDepartment of Reproduction, Fertility and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaThis study investigates the impact of nutritional supplementation on semen quality, epigenetic-related gene expression, and oxidative status in boars. Thirty boars were divided into a control group and a treatment group receiving Espermaplus (a supplement containing various vitamins, amino acids, omega-3 fatty acids, and trace elements with antioxidant properties). The experiment was performed for 12 weeks. Semen samples were collected at four moments: before starting the supplementation and after 3 weeks, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks. Spermatozoa concentration, motility, and kinematics were assessed using the CASA system. The measured parameters included curvilinear velocity—VCL; straight-line velocity—VSL; average path velocity—VAP; curvilinear distance—DCL; straight line distance—DSL; distance of average path—DAP; amplitude of lateral head displacement—ALH; beat-cross frequency—BCF; and head activity—HAC. Moreover, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in seminal plasma, as well as the concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), were measured to assess oxidative stress levels in boar’s seminal plasma. The expression of epigenetic-related genes such as Protamine 1 (<i>Prm1</i>), Protamine 2 (<i>Prm2</i>), and DNA-methyltransferase 3 alpha (<i>Dnmt3a</i>) were evaluated using real-time PCR. The treated group showed a significant increase in spermatozoa concentration (<i>p</i> = 0.003), total motility (<i>p</i> = 0.001), and progressive motility (<i>p</i> = 0.002) after 12 weeks compared to the control group. Kinematic parameters such as VCL, VSL, and VAP were also significantly higher (<i>p</i> < 0.001; <i>p</i> = 0.028; <i>p</i> < 0.001, respectively) in the treated group by the end of the experiment. SOD and GPx activities were consistently higher (<i>p</i> < 0.01; <i>p</i> < 0.001, respectively) in the treated group, indicating enhanced antioxidative capacity. TBARS levels as an indicator of lipid peroxidation and oxidative damage were significantly lower (<i>p</i> < 0.01) in the treated group by the end of the study. Significant changes were observed in the expression of epigenetic-related genes. The supplementation of boar diets with Espermaplus significantly improved semen quality, reduced oxidative stress, and had an impact on the expression levels of certain epigenetic-related genes, suggesting that dietary antioxidants and bioactive compounds can enhance boar semen.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/22/3297boar spermCASAepigenetic-related genesoxidative stressnutritionsupplementation
spellingShingle Jovan Blagojević
Zoran Stanimirović
Uroš Glavinić
Slobodanka Vakanjac
Željko Radukić
Milorad Mirilović
Milan Maletić
Impact of Supplemented Nutrition on Semen Quality, Epigenetic-Related Gene Expression, and Oxidative Status in Boars
Animals
boar sperm
CASA
epigenetic-related genes
oxidative stress
nutrition
supplementation
title Impact of Supplemented Nutrition on Semen Quality, Epigenetic-Related Gene Expression, and Oxidative Status in Boars
title_full Impact of Supplemented Nutrition on Semen Quality, Epigenetic-Related Gene Expression, and Oxidative Status in Boars
title_fullStr Impact of Supplemented Nutrition on Semen Quality, Epigenetic-Related Gene Expression, and Oxidative Status in Boars
title_full_unstemmed Impact of Supplemented Nutrition on Semen Quality, Epigenetic-Related Gene Expression, and Oxidative Status in Boars
title_short Impact of Supplemented Nutrition on Semen Quality, Epigenetic-Related Gene Expression, and Oxidative Status in Boars
title_sort impact of supplemented nutrition on semen quality epigenetic related gene expression and oxidative status in boars
topic boar sperm
CASA
epigenetic-related genes
oxidative stress
nutrition
supplementation
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/22/3297
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AT urosglavinic impactofsupplementednutritiononsemenqualityepigeneticrelatedgeneexpressionandoxidativestatusinboars
AT slobodankavakanjac impactofsupplementednutritiononsemenqualityepigeneticrelatedgeneexpressionandoxidativestatusinboars
AT zeljkoradukic impactofsupplementednutritiononsemenqualityepigeneticrelatedgeneexpressionandoxidativestatusinboars
AT miloradmirilovic impactofsupplementednutritiononsemenqualityepigeneticrelatedgeneexpressionandoxidativestatusinboars
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