Renewable Energies and Biochar: A Green Alternative for Reducing Carbon Footprints Using Tree Species from the Southern Andean Region of Ecuador

The urgent need for sustainable strategies to mitigate climate change has spurred the development of efficient carbon sequestration methods with minimal greenhouse gas emissions, presenting promising opportunities to produce biochar and, with this bioproduct, enhance crop productivity. Therefore, th...

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Main Authors: Juan-Carlos Cobos-Torres, Luis-Holguer Idrovo-Ortiz, Sandra Lucia Cobos-Mora, Vinicio Santillan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Energies
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/5/1027
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author Juan-Carlos Cobos-Torres
Luis-Holguer Idrovo-Ortiz
Sandra Lucia Cobos-Mora
Vinicio Santillan
author_facet Juan-Carlos Cobos-Torres
Luis-Holguer Idrovo-Ortiz
Sandra Lucia Cobos-Mora
Vinicio Santillan
author_sort Juan-Carlos Cobos-Torres
collection DOAJ
description The urgent need for sustainable strategies to mitigate climate change has spurred the development of efficient carbon sequestration methods with minimal greenhouse gas emissions, presenting promising opportunities to produce biochar and, with this bioproduct, enhance crop productivity. Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate the carbon footprint produced by the low-temperature slow pyrolysis of biomass obtained from the pruning residues of four tree species present in parks and gardens of the southern Andean region of Ecuador. An electric reactor (ER), powered by 44 solar panels of 535 W each, was used to perform the pyrolysis process at 350 °C over four hours. For each species—<i>Persea americana</i>, <i>Polylepis</i> spp., <i>Acacia</i> spp., and <i>Prunus salicifolia</i>—three replicates of the process were conducted using 1.5 kg of biomass per trial. The results showed that <i>Acacia</i> spp. residues produced biochar with higher bulk density (0.303 g/cm<sup>3</sup>), organic matter (82.85%), total organic carbon (71.21%), oxygen (27.84%), C/N ratio (120.69), and potassium (459.12 ppm). The biochar produced from <i>Prunus salicifolia</i> exhibited the highest levels of pollutant gas emissions and carbon footprint (5.93 × 10<sup>−6</sup> ton∙m<sup>−3</sup> CO<sub>2</sub> eq and 0.001067 ton∙m<sup>−3</sup> CO<sub>2</sub> eq, respectively). In contrast, the biochar produced from <i>Polylepis</i> spp. was the least polluting (0.001018 ton∙m<sup>−3</sup> CO<sub>2</sub> eq), highlighting its potential as a source for biochar production from tree species found in the southern Andean region of Ecuador. Meanwhile, the pyrolysis of <i>Persea americana</i> (avocado) resulted in very low gas emissions, although it exhibited the second-highest carbon footprint due to the high energy consumption associated with the process. In conclusion, this study identified <i>Persea americana</i> and <i>Polylepis</i> spp. as the best options for biochar production through pyrolysis, positioning them as viable alternatives for developing sustainable strategies to mitigate climate change.
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spelling doaj-art-9114816da9054e9db77c54b7f18e61312025-08-20T02:52:35ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732025-02-01185102710.3390/en18051027Renewable Energies and Biochar: A Green Alternative for Reducing Carbon Footprints Using Tree Species from the Southern Andean Region of EcuadorJuan-Carlos Cobos-Torres0Luis-Holguer Idrovo-Ortiz1Sandra Lucia Cobos-Mora2Vinicio Santillan3Unidad Académica de Posgrado, Universidad Católica de Cuenca, Cuenca EC010110, EcuadorUnidad Académica de Ingeniería Industria y Construcción, Universidad Católica de Cuenca, Cuenca EC010110, EcuadorUnidad Académica de Posgrado, Universidad Católica de Cuenca, Cuenca EC010110, EcuadorUnidad Académica de Posgrado, Universidad Católica de Cuenca, Cuenca EC010110, EcuadorThe urgent need for sustainable strategies to mitigate climate change has spurred the development of efficient carbon sequestration methods with minimal greenhouse gas emissions, presenting promising opportunities to produce biochar and, with this bioproduct, enhance crop productivity. Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate the carbon footprint produced by the low-temperature slow pyrolysis of biomass obtained from the pruning residues of four tree species present in parks and gardens of the southern Andean region of Ecuador. An electric reactor (ER), powered by 44 solar panels of 535 W each, was used to perform the pyrolysis process at 350 °C over four hours. For each species—<i>Persea americana</i>, <i>Polylepis</i> spp., <i>Acacia</i> spp., and <i>Prunus salicifolia</i>—three replicates of the process were conducted using 1.5 kg of biomass per trial. The results showed that <i>Acacia</i> spp. residues produced biochar with higher bulk density (0.303 g/cm<sup>3</sup>), organic matter (82.85%), total organic carbon (71.21%), oxygen (27.84%), C/N ratio (120.69), and potassium (459.12 ppm). The biochar produced from <i>Prunus salicifolia</i> exhibited the highest levels of pollutant gas emissions and carbon footprint (5.93 × 10<sup>−6</sup> ton∙m<sup>−3</sup> CO<sub>2</sub> eq and 0.001067 ton∙m<sup>−3</sup> CO<sub>2</sub> eq, respectively). In contrast, the biochar produced from <i>Polylepis</i> spp. was the least polluting (0.001018 ton∙m<sup>−3</sup> CO<sub>2</sub> eq), highlighting its potential as a source for biochar production from tree species found in the southern Andean region of Ecuador. Meanwhile, the pyrolysis of <i>Persea americana</i> (avocado) resulted in very low gas emissions, although it exhibited the second-highest carbon footprint due to the high energy consumption associated with the process. In conclusion, this study identified <i>Persea americana</i> and <i>Polylepis</i> spp. as the best options for biochar production through pyrolysis, positioning them as viable alternatives for developing sustainable strategies to mitigate climate change.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/5/1027biocharcarbon footprintrenewable energies<i>CO</i><sub>2</sub> equivalentpyrolysiselectric reactor
spellingShingle Juan-Carlos Cobos-Torres
Luis-Holguer Idrovo-Ortiz
Sandra Lucia Cobos-Mora
Vinicio Santillan
Renewable Energies and Biochar: A Green Alternative for Reducing Carbon Footprints Using Tree Species from the Southern Andean Region of Ecuador
Energies
biochar
carbon footprint
renewable energies
<i>CO</i><sub>2</sub> equivalent
pyrolysis
electric reactor
title Renewable Energies and Biochar: A Green Alternative for Reducing Carbon Footprints Using Tree Species from the Southern Andean Region of Ecuador
title_full Renewable Energies and Biochar: A Green Alternative for Reducing Carbon Footprints Using Tree Species from the Southern Andean Region of Ecuador
title_fullStr Renewable Energies and Biochar: A Green Alternative for Reducing Carbon Footprints Using Tree Species from the Southern Andean Region of Ecuador
title_full_unstemmed Renewable Energies and Biochar: A Green Alternative for Reducing Carbon Footprints Using Tree Species from the Southern Andean Region of Ecuador
title_short Renewable Energies and Biochar: A Green Alternative for Reducing Carbon Footprints Using Tree Species from the Southern Andean Region of Ecuador
title_sort renewable energies and biochar a green alternative for reducing carbon footprints using tree species from the southern andean region of ecuador
topic biochar
carbon footprint
renewable energies
<i>CO</i><sub>2</sub> equivalent
pyrolysis
electric reactor
url https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/5/1027
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