Expression of CXCR-4 and CD 133 and it’s Correlation with Prognostic Pathologic Factors in Resectable Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Research Protocol

Introduction: Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs), known for their self-renewal and resistance to therapy, drive tumour progression, metastasis, and recurrence. Markers such as Cluster of Differentiation 133 (CD133) and CXC Chemokine Receptor-4 (CXCR-4) are linked to poor prognosis in cancers, including Oral S...

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Main Authors: Nirlipta Swain, Arvind Shridhar Bhake
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: JCDR Research and Publications Private Limited 2025-06-01
Series:Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research
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Online Access:https://jcdr.net/articles/PDF/21101/75424_CE[Ra1]_F(IS)_QC_PF1(HJ_SS)_PFA(IS)_PN(IS).pdf
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author Nirlipta Swain
Arvind Shridhar Bhake
author_facet Nirlipta Swain
Arvind Shridhar Bhake
author_sort Nirlipta Swain
collection DOAJ
description Introduction: Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs), known for their self-renewal and resistance to therapy, drive tumour progression, metastasis, and recurrence. Markers such as Cluster of Differentiation 133 (CD133) and CXC Chemokine Receptor-4 (CXCR-4) are linked to poor prognosis in cancers, including Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC). CD133 promotes Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) and chemoresistance, while CXCR-4 enhances invasion via CXCL12 signalling. Their co-expression exacerbates outcomes; however, region-specific data, particularly from high-incidence areas like India, remain scarce. Need of the study: The expression and prognostic correlation of CXCR-4 and CD133 in resectable OSCC enhance early detection, assess tumour aggressiveness, and may identify potential therapeutic targets. Aim: This study aims to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of CXCR-4 and CD133 in resectable OSCC and analyse their correlation with key prognostic pathological factors, including tumour grade, tumour size (T-stage), Depth of Invasion (DOI), Lymphovascular Invasion (LVI), Perineural Invasion (PNI), lymph node metastasis (N-stage), and Lymph node metastasis and surgical margin status. Materials and Methods: This observational, cross-sectional study will be conducted at Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, DMIHER. Seventy-five OSCC tissue samples will undergo immunohistochemical analysis using monoclonal antibodies against CXCR-4 and CD133. The expression levels of these markers will be assessed semi-quantitatively. Subsequently, their correlation with key prognostic pathological factors will be analysed. Statistical analysis will be performed using SPSS version 27.0, with a p-value of less than 0.05 considered statistically significant.
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spelling doaj-art-90fb1cec64cd4a4fa441fbc74b3921412025-08-20T02:06:06ZengJCDR Research and Publications Private LimitedJournal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research2249-782X0973-709X2025-06-01196EK01EK0410.7860/JCDR/2025/75424.21101Expression of CXCR-4 and CD 133 and it’s Correlation with Prognostic Pathologic Factors in Resectable Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Research ProtocolNirlipta Swain0Arvind Shridhar Bhake1Junior Resident, Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha, Maharashtra, India.Director and Professor, Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha, Maharashtra, India.Introduction: Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs), known for their self-renewal and resistance to therapy, drive tumour progression, metastasis, and recurrence. Markers such as Cluster of Differentiation 133 (CD133) and CXC Chemokine Receptor-4 (CXCR-4) are linked to poor prognosis in cancers, including Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC). CD133 promotes Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) and chemoresistance, while CXCR-4 enhances invasion via CXCL12 signalling. Their co-expression exacerbates outcomes; however, region-specific data, particularly from high-incidence areas like India, remain scarce. Need of the study: The expression and prognostic correlation of CXCR-4 and CD133 in resectable OSCC enhance early detection, assess tumour aggressiveness, and may identify potential therapeutic targets. Aim: This study aims to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of CXCR-4 and CD133 in resectable OSCC and analyse their correlation with key prognostic pathological factors, including tumour grade, tumour size (T-stage), Depth of Invasion (DOI), Lymphovascular Invasion (LVI), Perineural Invasion (PNI), lymph node metastasis (N-stage), and Lymph node metastasis and surgical margin status. Materials and Methods: This observational, cross-sectional study will be conducted at Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, DMIHER. Seventy-five OSCC tissue samples will undergo immunohistochemical analysis using monoclonal antibodies against CXCR-4 and CD133. The expression levels of these markers will be assessed semi-quantitatively. Subsequently, their correlation with key prognostic pathological factors will be analysed. Statistical analysis will be performed using SPSS version 27.0, with a p-value of less than 0.05 considered statistically significant.https://jcdr.net/articles/PDF/21101/75424_CE[Ra1]_F(IS)_QC_PF1(HJ_SS)_PFA(IS)_PN(IS).pdfbiomarkerschemokineepithelial-mesenchymal transitiongene expression regulationimmunohistochemistrylymphatic metastasistumour microenvironment
spellingShingle Nirlipta Swain
Arvind Shridhar Bhake
Expression of CXCR-4 and CD 133 and it’s Correlation with Prognostic Pathologic Factors in Resectable Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Research Protocol
Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research
biomarkers
chemokine
epithelial-mesenchymal transition
gene expression regulation
immunohistochemistry
lymphatic metastasis
tumour microenvironment
title Expression of CXCR-4 and CD 133 and it’s Correlation with Prognostic Pathologic Factors in Resectable Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Research Protocol
title_full Expression of CXCR-4 and CD 133 and it’s Correlation with Prognostic Pathologic Factors in Resectable Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Research Protocol
title_fullStr Expression of CXCR-4 and CD 133 and it’s Correlation with Prognostic Pathologic Factors in Resectable Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Research Protocol
title_full_unstemmed Expression of CXCR-4 and CD 133 and it’s Correlation with Prognostic Pathologic Factors in Resectable Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Research Protocol
title_short Expression of CXCR-4 and CD 133 and it’s Correlation with Prognostic Pathologic Factors in Resectable Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Research Protocol
title_sort expression of cxcr 4 and cd 133 and it s correlation with prognostic pathologic factors in resectable oral squamous cell carcinoma a research protocol
topic biomarkers
chemokine
epithelial-mesenchymal transition
gene expression regulation
immunohistochemistry
lymphatic metastasis
tumour microenvironment
url https://jcdr.net/articles/PDF/21101/75424_CE[Ra1]_F(IS)_QC_PF1(HJ_SS)_PFA(IS)_PN(IS).pdf
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AT arvindshridharbhake expressionofcxcr4andcd133anditscorrelationwithprognosticpathologicfactorsinresectableoralsquamouscellcarcinomaaresearchprotocol