Field Emission Current Stability and Noise Generation Mechanism of Large Aspect Ratio Diamond Nanowires
This paper reports the field emission (FE) current stability of a diamond nanowire (DNW) array. Assembled with a silicon anode with a 1.03 μm gap, the FE properties, as well as the current stability of the DNW cathode, were systematically evaluated in a vacuum test system under different vacuum degr...
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2025-05-01
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| author | Yang Wang Jinwen Zhang |
| author_facet | Yang Wang Jinwen Zhang |
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| description | This paper reports the field emission (FE) current stability of a diamond nanowire (DNW) array. Assembled with a silicon anode with a 1.03 μm gap, the FE properties, as well as the current stability of the DNW cathode, were systematically evaluated in a vacuum test system under different vacuum degrees, current densities, and atmospheres. Experiments demonstrate that lower pressure and current density can improve FE properties and current stability. In addition, compared to air and compressed air, DNWs exhibit higher FE properties and current stability in N<sub>2</sub>. DNWs achieve a remarkably low turn-on field of 1.65 V/μm and a high current density of 265.38 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>. Notably, they demonstrate merely 0.70% current fluctuation under test conditions of 1.2 × 10<sup>−4</sup> Pa and 0.1 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>. Additionally, based on the Fowler–Nordheim theory, the change in work function after gas adsorption was analyzed, and the noise generation mechanism was derived from the noise power spectrum. The current exponent is determined as 1.94, while the frequency exponent ranges from 0.92 to 1.32, confirming that the dominant noise mechanism in DNWs arises from surface work function fluctuations due to the adsorption and desorption of residual gas. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-90e9dfe0bd8743c39c83ddf623096db42025-08-20T03:53:01ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-05-01259292510.3390/s25092925Field Emission Current Stability and Noise Generation Mechanism of Large Aspect Ratio Diamond NanowiresYang Wang0Jinwen Zhang1School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing 100871, ChinaSchool of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing 100871, ChinaThis paper reports the field emission (FE) current stability of a diamond nanowire (DNW) array. Assembled with a silicon anode with a 1.03 μm gap, the FE properties, as well as the current stability of the DNW cathode, were systematically evaluated in a vacuum test system under different vacuum degrees, current densities, and atmospheres. Experiments demonstrate that lower pressure and current density can improve FE properties and current stability. In addition, compared to air and compressed air, DNWs exhibit higher FE properties and current stability in N<sub>2</sub>. DNWs achieve a remarkably low turn-on field of 1.65 V/μm and a high current density of 265.38 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>. Notably, they demonstrate merely 0.70% current fluctuation under test conditions of 1.2 × 10<sup>−4</sup> Pa and 0.1 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>. Additionally, based on the Fowler–Nordheim theory, the change in work function after gas adsorption was analyzed, and the noise generation mechanism was derived from the noise power spectrum. The current exponent is determined as 1.94, while the frequency exponent ranges from 0.92 to 1.32, confirming that the dominant noise mechanism in DNWs arises from surface work function fluctuations due to the adsorption and desorption of residual gas.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/9/2925diamond nanowiresfield electron emissioncurrent stabilitysurface work functionnoise power spectrum |
| spellingShingle | Yang Wang Jinwen Zhang Field Emission Current Stability and Noise Generation Mechanism of Large Aspect Ratio Diamond Nanowires Sensors diamond nanowires field electron emission current stability surface work function noise power spectrum |
| title | Field Emission Current Stability and Noise Generation Mechanism of Large Aspect Ratio Diamond Nanowires |
| title_full | Field Emission Current Stability and Noise Generation Mechanism of Large Aspect Ratio Diamond Nanowires |
| title_fullStr | Field Emission Current Stability and Noise Generation Mechanism of Large Aspect Ratio Diamond Nanowires |
| title_full_unstemmed | Field Emission Current Stability and Noise Generation Mechanism of Large Aspect Ratio Diamond Nanowires |
| title_short | Field Emission Current Stability and Noise Generation Mechanism of Large Aspect Ratio Diamond Nanowires |
| title_sort | field emission current stability and noise generation mechanism of large aspect ratio diamond nanowires |
| topic | diamond nanowires field electron emission current stability surface work function noise power spectrum |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/9/2925 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yangwang fieldemissioncurrentstabilityandnoisegenerationmechanismoflargeaspectratiodiamondnanowires AT jinwenzhang fieldemissioncurrentstabilityandnoisegenerationmechanismoflargeaspectratiodiamondnanowires |