Women in neurosurgery aim for recognition of merit, not tokenism: insights from an Italian survey

The sparse representation of women in neurosurgery, compared to other medical fields, has driven debates about causes and remedies. This study explores gender disparities through a survey of female members of the Italian Society of Neurosurgery (SINch). Comprising 49 questions, the survey focused on...

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Main Authors: Barbara Cappelletto, Rossella Rispoli, Paola Peretta, Laura Grazia Valentini, Debora Garozzo, Maurizio Fornari, Concetta Alafaci, Mathew E. Diamond
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-06-01
Series:Frontiers in Surgery
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsurg.2025.1594731/full
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author Barbara Cappelletto
Rossella Rispoli
Paola Peretta
Laura Grazia Valentini
Debora Garozzo
Maurizio Fornari
Concetta Alafaci
Mathew E. Diamond
author_facet Barbara Cappelletto
Rossella Rispoli
Paola Peretta
Laura Grazia Valentini
Debora Garozzo
Maurizio Fornari
Concetta Alafaci
Mathew E. Diamond
author_sort Barbara Cappelletto
collection DOAJ
description The sparse representation of women in neurosurgery, compared to other medical fields, has driven debates about causes and remedies. This study explores gender disparities through a survey of female members of the Italian Society of Neurosurgery (SINch). Comprising 49 questions, the survey focused on career trajectories, work-life balance, mentorship, and perceptions of gender-related challenges. The respondents numbered 119, with 51% from 31 to 40 years old. Personal motivation emerged as the dominant driver for choosing neurosurgery. Mentorship was identified as a critical factor, with 69% perceiving benefits from having female mentors. Over half of respondents reported experiencing gender bias during residency and in the workplace. Many reported facing discouragement from peers and professors. A substantial proportion reported difficulty reconciling family responsibilities with professional duties, with 84% attributing lack of commitment to a relationship, and 49% attributing delayed motherhood, to professional demands. Respondents also expressed dissatisfaction with their visibility in scientific societies and conferences. As a remedy to hindrances of career progression, the majority of respondents do not envision female-centered initiatives (e.g., quotas in scientific societies, “women sections” or “pink rooms” at conferences). Instead, the respondents seek recognition based on merit. Rather than being categorized by their gender, the women surveyed advocate for a fair system where all individuals work on equal footing. Discussing these findings in the context of initiatives entailing quotas and enforced diversity, we argue that identity-based programs undermine core principles. Addressing underrepresentation in neurosurgery requires solutions that promote access and recognition for contributions irrespective of gender. Scientific associations have a fundamental responsibility in combating prejudice and enforcing measures to ensure the elimination of all forms of bias within neurosurgery.
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spelling doaj-art-90d9957146384bb39a9041401ee14afb2025-08-20T03:18:34ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Surgery2296-875X2025-06-011210.3389/fsurg.2025.15947311594731Women in neurosurgery aim for recognition of merit, not tokenism: insights from an Italian surveyBarbara Cappelletto0Rossella Rispoli1Paola Peretta2Laura Grazia Valentini3Debora Garozzo4Maurizio Fornari5Concetta Alafaci6Mathew E. Diamond7Spine and Spinal Cord Surgery Unit, Departmentof Head, Neck, and Neurological Sciences, University Hospital of Udine, Udine, ItalySpine and Spinal Cord Surgery Unit, Departmentof Head, Neck, and Neurological Sciences, University Hospital of Udine, Udine, ItalyDivision of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital (O.I.R.M.), Turin, ItalyDepartment of Neurosurgery, Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute Carlo Besta, Milan, ItalyMediclinic Parkview Hospital, Umm Al Suqueim Barsha South, Dubai, United Arab EmiratesDepartment of Neurosurgery, Humanitas University and Research Hospital in Neurosurgery, Milan, ItalyNeurosurgery Unit, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, ItalyCognitive Neuroscience, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, ItalyThe sparse representation of women in neurosurgery, compared to other medical fields, has driven debates about causes and remedies. This study explores gender disparities through a survey of female members of the Italian Society of Neurosurgery (SINch). Comprising 49 questions, the survey focused on career trajectories, work-life balance, mentorship, and perceptions of gender-related challenges. The respondents numbered 119, with 51% from 31 to 40 years old. Personal motivation emerged as the dominant driver for choosing neurosurgery. Mentorship was identified as a critical factor, with 69% perceiving benefits from having female mentors. Over half of respondents reported experiencing gender bias during residency and in the workplace. Many reported facing discouragement from peers and professors. A substantial proportion reported difficulty reconciling family responsibilities with professional duties, with 84% attributing lack of commitment to a relationship, and 49% attributing delayed motherhood, to professional demands. Respondents also expressed dissatisfaction with their visibility in scientific societies and conferences. As a remedy to hindrances of career progression, the majority of respondents do not envision female-centered initiatives (e.g., quotas in scientific societies, “women sections” or “pink rooms” at conferences). Instead, the respondents seek recognition based on merit. Rather than being categorized by their gender, the women surveyed advocate for a fair system where all individuals work on equal footing. Discussing these findings in the context of initiatives entailing quotas and enforced diversity, we argue that identity-based programs undermine core principles. Addressing underrepresentation in neurosurgery requires solutions that promote access and recognition for contributions irrespective of gender. Scientific associations have a fundamental responsibility in combating prejudice and enforcing measures to ensure the elimination of all forms of bias within neurosurgery.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsurg.2025.1594731/fullgender paritywomen in neurosurgerygender discriminationfemale underrepresentationself-segregationItalian survey
spellingShingle Barbara Cappelletto
Rossella Rispoli
Paola Peretta
Laura Grazia Valentini
Debora Garozzo
Maurizio Fornari
Concetta Alafaci
Mathew E. Diamond
Women in neurosurgery aim for recognition of merit, not tokenism: insights from an Italian survey
Frontiers in Surgery
gender parity
women in neurosurgery
gender discrimination
female underrepresentation
self-segregation
Italian survey
title Women in neurosurgery aim for recognition of merit, not tokenism: insights from an Italian survey
title_full Women in neurosurgery aim for recognition of merit, not tokenism: insights from an Italian survey
title_fullStr Women in neurosurgery aim for recognition of merit, not tokenism: insights from an Italian survey
title_full_unstemmed Women in neurosurgery aim for recognition of merit, not tokenism: insights from an Italian survey
title_short Women in neurosurgery aim for recognition of merit, not tokenism: insights from an Italian survey
title_sort women in neurosurgery aim for recognition of merit not tokenism insights from an italian survey
topic gender parity
women in neurosurgery
gender discrimination
female underrepresentation
self-segregation
Italian survey
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsurg.2025.1594731/full
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