Electrostatic InkJet printed silver grids for non-vacuum processed CIGS solar cells

Abstract Printed electronics is gaining increasing research attention and a growing market share due to it’s lower production cost and easy scalability. Here, we demonstrate the use of Electro-Static Inkjet (ESJET) printing technology to deposit silver nanoparticle (Ag nps) inks as grid electrodes f...

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Main Authors: Mingqing Wang, Pufinji Obene, Mikhail Questianx, Mark Harris, Rikesh Singh, Kwang Leong Choy
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-94348-9
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author Mingqing Wang
Pufinji Obene
Mikhail Questianx
Mark Harris
Rikesh Singh
Kwang Leong Choy
author_facet Mingqing Wang
Pufinji Obene
Mikhail Questianx
Mark Harris
Rikesh Singh
Kwang Leong Choy
author_sort Mingqing Wang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Printed electronics is gaining increasing research attention and a growing market share due to it’s lower production cost and easy scalability. Here, we demonstrate the use of Electro-Static Inkjet (ESJET) printing technology to deposit silver nanoparticle (Ag nps) inks as grid electrodes for non-vacuum processed Cu(In,Ga)S2 (CIGS) solar cells, bridging the gap between high viscosity screen printed materials and low viscosity inkjet processes. We investigated the effect of composition of Ag inks compositions and the corresponding sintering condition of ESJET printed Ag grids on the photovoltaic performance of CIGS solar cells. High sintering temperatures (220 °C) of the printed Ag electrodes caused a significant performance loss in the CIGS cells. However, sintering at 160 °C produced cells with efficiency comparable to reference cells using thermal evaporated Ag grids. Results from stability test (ISOS-D-1) shows the device efficiency of devices with ESJET printed Ag grids decreased from 11.14 to 10.44% after 3 months in air without encapsulation, corresponding to efficiency loss of approximate 0.6%. Our work demonstrates that ESJET printing is a viable method for deposition of photovoltaic metal grids, enabling finer electrode patterns, minimizing material waste, and significantly reducing the production cost of thin film solar cells.
format Article
id doaj-art-90c65c4547634795b2f3a2af85b4dc1b
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language English
publishDate 2025-04-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
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spelling doaj-art-90c65c4547634795b2f3a2af85b4dc1b2025-08-20T02:25:35ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-04-0115111110.1038/s41598-025-94348-9Electrostatic InkJet printed silver grids for non-vacuum processed CIGS solar cellsMingqing Wang0Pufinji Obene1Mikhail Questianx2Mark Harris3Rikesh Singh4Kwang Leong Choy5UCL Institute for Materials Discovery, University College LondonPrecision Varionic International (PVI) LtdPrecision Varionic International (PVI) LtdPrecision Varionic International (PVI) LtdPrecision Varionic International (PVI) LtdDivision of Natural and Applied Sciences, Duke Kunshan UniversityAbstract Printed electronics is gaining increasing research attention and a growing market share due to it’s lower production cost and easy scalability. Here, we demonstrate the use of Electro-Static Inkjet (ESJET) printing technology to deposit silver nanoparticle (Ag nps) inks as grid electrodes for non-vacuum processed Cu(In,Ga)S2 (CIGS) solar cells, bridging the gap between high viscosity screen printed materials and low viscosity inkjet processes. We investigated the effect of composition of Ag inks compositions and the corresponding sintering condition of ESJET printed Ag grids on the photovoltaic performance of CIGS solar cells. High sintering temperatures (220 °C) of the printed Ag electrodes caused a significant performance loss in the CIGS cells. However, sintering at 160 °C produced cells with efficiency comparable to reference cells using thermal evaporated Ag grids. Results from stability test (ISOS-D-1) shows the device efficiency of devices with ESJET printed Ag grids decreased from 11.14 to 10.44% after 3 months in air without encapsulation, corresponding to efficiency loss of approximate 0.6%. Our work demonstrates that ESJET printing is a viable method for deposition of photovoltaic metal grids, enabling finer electrode patterns, minimizing material waste, and significantly reducing the production cost of thin film solar cells.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-94348-9Electrostatic Ink-Jet printingNon-vacuum processingCIGS solar cellsStability testFinger electrodes
spellingShingle Mingqing Wang
Pufinji Obene
Mikhail Questianx
Mark Harris
Rikesh Singh
Kwang Leong Choy
Electrostatic InkJet printed silver grids for non-vacuum processed CIGS solar cells
Scientific Reports
Electrostatic Ink-Jet printing
Non-vacuum processing
CIGS solar cells
Stability test
Finger electrodes
title Electrostatic InkJet printed silver grids for non-vacuum processed CIGS solar cells
title_full Electrostatic InkJet printed silver grids for non-vacuum processed CIGS solar cells
title_fullStr Electrostatic InkJet printed silver grids for non-vacuum processed CIGS solar cells
title_full_unstemmed Electrostatic InkJet printed silver grids for non-vacuum processed CIGS solar cells
title_short Electrostatic InkJet printed silver grids for non-vacuum processed CIGS solar cells
title_sort electrostatic inkjet printed silver grids for non vacuum processed cigs solar cells
topic Electrostatic Ink-Jet printing
Non-vacuum processing
CIGS solar cells
Stability test
Finger electrodes
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-94348-9
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AT markharris electrostaticinkjetprintedsilvergridsfornonvacuumprocessedcigssolarcells
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