Influence of Waste Glass Powder as a Supplementary Cementitious Material (SCM) on the Mechanical Properties, Expansion, Environmental Impact, and Microstructure of Cementitious Mortar

ABSTRACT Incorporating waste glass powder (GP) as a partial replacement for Portland cement (PC) in cementitious mortars offers promising environmental and performance benefits. This study evaluates the effects of varying GP content on setting time, flexural and compressive strength, autoclave expan...

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Main Authors: Mahdi Bameri, Mohammad Mohammadhasani, Alireza Khaloo, Ashraf Ashour, Morteza NikKhah
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-06-01
Series:Engineering Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.70238
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author Mahdi Bameri
Mohammad Mohammadhasani
Alireza Khaloo
Ashraf Ashour
Morteza NikKhah
author_facet Mahdi Bameri
Mohammad Mohammadhasani
Alireza Khaloo
Ashraf Ashour
Morteza NikKhah
author_sort Mahdi Bameri
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT Incorporating waste glass powder (GP) as a partial replacement for Portland cement (PC) in cementitious mortars offers promising environmental and performance benefits. This study evaluates the effects of varying GP content on setting time, flexural and compressive strength, autoclave expansion, environmental impact, and microstructure. The results indicate that increasing GP content prolongs the setting time due to its lower reactivity compared to PC. Although the early strength of GP‐incorporated mortars is substantially lower than that of the control mixture, extended curing durations result in significant strength gains due to ongoing pozzolanic reactions. Autoclave expansion tests show that replacing PC with 30%–40% GP reduces expansion by up to 50%, attributed to the improved particle packing, pozzolanic activity, and optimized pore structure. Environmental impact analysis indicates that both embodied carbon dioxide (ECO2e) and embodied energy (EE) decrease as GP content increases, reflecting its lower environmental footprint compared to PC. Microstructural analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals denser calcium silicate hydrate (C‐S‐H) crystals and refined pore structures in GP 30% and GP 40% mortars. Additionally, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis shows significant consumption of calcium hydroxide (CH) due to the pozzolanic reaction, suggesting reduced risks of alkali‐silica reaction (ASR) and sulfate attack, thereby enhancing long‐term durability. These findings establish GP as a sustainable supplementary cementitious material (SCM) with significant environmental and performance advantages for future construction applications.
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spelling doaj-art-90c3d10d883c4ce8bf26c8ea699c2b712025-08-20T03:27:15ZengWileyEngineering Reports2577-81962025-06-0176n/an/a10.1002/eng2.70238Influence of Waste Glass Powder as a Supplementary Cementitious Material (SCM) on the Mechanical Properties, Expansion, Environmental Impact, and Microstructure of Cementitious MortarMahdi Bameri0Mohammad Mohammadhasani1Alireza Khaloo2Ashraf Ashour3Morteza NikKhah4Research and Development Department CAPCO Co Tehran IranSeismology Engineering & Risk Department Building, Housing & Urban Development Research Center (BHRC) Tehran IranDepartment of Civil Engineering Sharif University of Technology Tehran IranDepartment of Civil and Structural Engineering University of Bradford Bradford UKQuality Control Department Fars Nov Cement Co. Shiraz IranABSTRACT Incorporating waste glass powder (GP) as a partial replacement for Portland cement (PC) in cementitious mortars offers promising environmental and performance benefits. This study evaluates the effects of varying GP content on setting time, flexural and compressive strength, autoclave expansion, environmental impact, and microstructure. The results indicate that increasing GP content prolongs the setting time due to its lower reactivity compared to PC. Although the early strength of GP‐incorporated mortars is substantially lower than that of the control mixture, extended curing durations result in significant strength gains due to ongoing pozzolanic reactions. Autoclave expansion tests show that replacing PC with 30%–40% GP reduces expansion by up to 50%, attributed to the improved particle packing, pozzolanic activity, and optimized pore structure. Environmental impact analysis indicates that both embodied carbon dioxide (ECO2e) and embodied energy (EE) decrease as GP content increases, reflecting its lower environmental footprint compared to PC. Microstructural analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals denser calcium silicate hydrate (C‐S‐H) crystals and refined pore structures in GP 30% and GP 40% mortars. Additionally, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis shows significant consumption of calcium hydroxide (CH) due to the pozzolanic reaction, suggesting reduced risks of alkali‐silica reaction (ASR) and sulfate attack, thereby enhancing long‐term durability. These findings establish GP as a sustainable supplementary cementitious material (SCM) with significant environmental and performance advantages for future construction applications.https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.70238autoclave expansionenvironmental impactglass powderlow‐carbon concretemicrostructure
spellingShingle Mahdi Bameri
Mohammad Mohammadhasani
Alireza Khaloo
Ashraf Ashour
Morteza NikKhah
Influence of Waste Glass Powder as a Supplementary Cementitious Material (SCM) on the Mechanical Properties, Expansion, Environmental Impact, and Microstructure of Cementitious Mortar
Engineering Reports
autoclave expansion
environmental impact
glass powder
low‐carbon concrete
microstructure
title Influence of Waste Glass Powder as a Supplementary Cementitious Material (SCM) on the Mechanical Properties, Expansion, Environmental Impact, and Microstructure of Cementitious Mortar
title_full Influence of Waste Glass Powder as a Supplementary Cementitious Material (SCM) on the Mechanical Properties, Expansion, Environmental Impact, and Microstructure of Cementitious Mortar
title_fullStr Influence of Waste Glass Powder as a Supplementary Cementitious Material (SCM) on the Mechanical Properties, Expansion, Environmental Impact, and Microstructure of Cementitious Mortar
title_full_unstemmed Influence of Waste Glass Powder as a Supplementary Cementitious Material (SCM) on the Mechanical Properties, Expansion, Environmental Impact, and Microstructure of Cementitious Mortar
title_short Influence of Waste Glass Powder as a Supplementary Cementitious Material (SCM) on the Mechanical Properties, Expansion, Environmental Impact, and Microstructure of Cementitious Mortar
title_sort influence of waste glass powder as a supplementary cementitious material scm on the mechanical properties expansion environmental impact and microstructure of cementitious mortar
topic autoclave expansion
environmental impact
glass powder
low‐carbon concrete
microstructure
url https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.70238
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