In Vitro Study on the Effect of Smoking and Alcohol on the Proliferation of Oral Cancer Cells

Background: Alcohol use and smoking have been shown to be substantial risk factors for oral cancer, a serious worldwide health problem. The growth of oral cancer cells is thought to be influenced by certain lifestyle choices. Materials and Methods: Oral squamous cell carcinoma, or SCC-25, cell lines...

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Main Authors: Ahmed Ismail Nagy, Mohammad Khursheed Alam, Shahad Abdullah Alanazi, Samer Abdullah Alanazi, Shouq Hussain Albuhairan, Nor Farid Bin Mohd Noor
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications 2025-06-01
Series:Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences
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Online Access:https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_87_25
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Summary:Background: Alcohol use and smoking have been shown to be substantial risk factors for oral cancer, a serious worldwide health problem. The growth of oral cancer cells is thought to be influenced by certain lifestyle choices. Materials and Methods: Oral squamous cell carcinoma, or SCC-25, cell lines were used in a carefully monitored in vitro investigation. Three sets of cells were created: one for smoking exposure (treated with cigarette smoke extract (CSE) at concentrations of 10 μg/mL, 20 μg/mL, and 50 μg/mL), one for alcohol exposure (treated with ethanol at concentrations of 1%, 5%, and 10%), and one for control (no exposure). There was also a combined exposure group that comprised both drinking and smoking. An MTT test was used to measure cell viability and proliferation rates at 24, 48, and 72 hours. ANOVA was used for statistical analysis to compare groups. Results: Exposure to ethanol and CSE dramatically decreased cell viability in a way that was dependent on both time and dosage. After 10 μg/mL, 20 μg/mL, and 50 μg/mL, the smoking group’s proliferation reduced by 25%, 35%, and 50% after 72 hours, respectively. At 1%, 5%, and 10% ethanol concentrations, the alcohol group also showed reductions of 20%, 30%, and 45%, respectively. With a 60% decrease in proliferation, the combined exposure group showed the strongest inhibition, suggesting a synergistic impact. Statistical significance was noted for every experimental group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Both alcohol exposure and smoking significantly reduce the growth of oral cancer cells, and their combined effects are synergistic. These results highlight how important lifestyle changes are for managing and preventing oral cancer.
ISSN:0976-4879
0975-7406