Sundatang-Sabah’s Lost Lute of Borneo

This study determines the note for a sundatang, a traditional musical instrument in Borneo. The sundatang originated from two different ethnics so the strings were tuned differently as well as frets and it clearly produces more than one note. The sound was recorded using a microphone which was conne...

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Main Authors: Sinin Hamdan, Ezra Alfandy M. Duin, Khairul Anwar Mohamad Said, Kuryati Kipli, Aaliyawani Ezzerin Sinin, Ahmad Fauzi Musib
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: North Carolina State University 2025-05-01
Series:BioResources
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Online Access:https://ojs.bioresources.com/index.php/BRJ/article/view/24406
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author Sinin Hamdan
Ezra Alfandy M. Duin
Khairul Anwar Mohamad Said
Kuryati Kipli
Aaliyawani Ezzerin Sinin
Ahmad Fauzi Musib
author_facet Sinin Hamdan
Ezra Alfandy M. Duin
Khairul Anwar Mohamad Said
Kuryati Kipli
Aaliyawani Ezzerin Sinin
Ahmad Fauzi Musib
author_sort Sinin Hamdan
collection DOAJ
description This study determines the note for a sundatang, a traditional musical instrument in Borneo. The sundatang originated from two different ethnics so the strings were tuned differently as well as frets and it clearly produces more than one note. The sound was recorded using a microphone which was connected to a PicoScope and analyzed using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The string 1 and 2 for sundatang A are tuned to E4(330Hz) and E3(161Hz) respectively, and sundatang B are tuned to C4#(277Hz) and C3#(138.59Hz) respectively. Open string 1 and the fret from sundatang A was tuned to E4(330), G4#(410), A4#(465), C5#(546), D5(569), and F5(692) where E4-G4#:2Tone, G4#-A4#:1Tone, A4#-C5#:2Tone, C5#-D5:1Tone, D5-F5:2Tone, simplified become 2TT2TT2T. Open string 1 and the fret from sundatang B it was tuned to C4#(277), E4(329), F4(340), F4#(361), G4(389), G4#(425) where C4#-E4:1.5Tone, E4-F4:1Semitone, F4-F4#:1Semitone, F4#-G4:1Semitone, G4-G4#:1Semitone simplified become 1.5TSSSS. The note interval for string 1 and 2 for sundatang A and B can be formulated as y = 67.6x + 332.8 and y = 30.2x + 272.1, respectively. The time frequency analysis of the open strings 1 and 2 displayed a dense distribution of partials while fret 1 to 5 showed a distinct distribution which decrease with fret number.
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publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher North Carolina State University
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spelling doaj-art-90be1e3c88ee4294b65e60238a2ee22b2025-08-20T02:31:01ZengNorth Carolina State UniversityBioResources1930-21262025-05-01203533153472690Sundatang-Sabah’s Lost Lute of BorneoSinin Hamdan0Ezra Alfandy M. Duin1Khairul Anwar Mohamad Said2Kuryati Kipli3Aaliyawani Ezzerin Sinin4Ahmad Fauzi Musib5Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, MalaysiaFaculty of Applied and Creative Art, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, MalaysiaFaculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, MalaysiaFaculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, MalaysiaDepartment of Science and Technology, Faculty of Humanities, Management and Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Bintulu Campus, 97008 Bintulu, Sarawak, MalaysiaFaculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, MalaysiaThis study determines the note for a sundatang, a traditional musical instrument in Borneo. The sundatang originated from two different ethnics so the strings were tuned differently as well as frets and it clearly produces more than one note. The sound was recorded using a microphone which was connected to a PicoScope and analyzed using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The string 1 and 2 for sundatang A are tuned to E4(330Hz) and E3(161Hz) respectively, and sundatang B are tuned to C4#(277Hz) and C3#(138.59Hz) respectively. Open string 1 and the fret from sundatang A was tuned to E4(330), G4#(410), A4#(465), C5#(546), D5(569), and F5(692) where E4-G4#:2Tone, G4#-A4#:1Tone, A4#-C5#:2Tone, C5#-D5:1Tone, D5-F5:2Tone, simplified become 2TT2TT2T. Open string 1 and the fret from sundatang B it was tuned to C4#(277), E4(329), F4(340), F4#(361), G4(389), G4#(425) where C4#-E4:1.5Tone, E4-F4:1Semitone, F4-F4#:1Semitone, F4#-G4:1Semitone, G4-G4#:1Semitone simplified become 1.5TSSSS. The note interval for string 1 and 2 for sundatang A and B can be formulated as y = 67.6x + 332.8 and y = 30.2x + 272.1, respectively. The time frequency analysis of the open strings 1 and 2 displayed a dense distribution of partials while fret 1 to 5 showed a distinct distribution which decrease with fret number.https://ojs.bioresources.com/index.php/BRJ/article/view/24406borneo lutesundatangfast fourier transformnote interval
spellingShingle Sinin Hamdan
Ezra Alfandy M. Duin
Khairul Anwar Mohamad Said
Kuryati Kipli
Aaliyawani Ezzerin Sinin
Ahmad Fauzi Musib
Sundatang-Sabah’s Lost Lute of Borneo
BioResources
borneo lute
sundatang
fast fourier transform
note interval
title Sundatang-Sabah’s Lost Lute of Borneo
title_full Sundatang-Sabah’s Lost Lute of Borneo
title_fullStr Sundatang-Sabah’s Lost Lute of Borneo
title_full_unstemmed Sundatang-Sabah’s Lost Lute of Borneo
title_short Sundatang-Sabah’s Lost Lute of Borneo
title_sort sundatang sabah s lost lute of borneo
topic borneo lute
sundatang
fast fourier transform
note interval
url https://ojs.bioresources.com/index.php/BRJ/article/view/24406
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