Enhanced immunomodulator activity of Carthamus tinctorius (L.) extracts, a traditional medicine using nanostructured lipid carrier approach
Considering the potential of Carthamus tinctorius (L.) (CT) for therapeutic purposes mainly as immunomodulator as well as the ability of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) to protect phytochemicals from degradation and improving their solubility, the objective of this study was design, optimization...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2025-05-01
|
| Series: | OpenNano |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352952025000131 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850032974391672832 |
|---|---|
| author | Rachmat Mauludin Insan Nurul Padjar Neng Fisheri Kurniati Ratna Annisa Utami |
| author_facet | Rachmat Mauludin Insan Nurul Padjar Neng Fisheri Kurniati Ratna Annisa Utami |
| author_sort | Rachmat Mauludin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Considering the potential of Carthamus tinctorius (L.) (CT) for therapeutic purposes mainly as immunomodulator as well as the ability of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) to protect phytochemicals from degradation and improving their solubility, the objective of this study was design, optimization, and characterization CT-loaded NLC (CTNLC) system as an immunomodulator. The NLCs were prepared using hot homogenization techniques, which were later subjected to ultrasonication according to the Box Behnken design. The NLCs were characterized in terms of polydispersity index (PDI), particle size (PS), zeta potential (ZP), entrapment efficiency (%EE), and surface morphologies. The immunomodulatory activity was carried out by measuring phagocytic activity using carbon clearance method, organ index, antibody titres using indirect hemagglutination test and level of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). The CT extracts (300 mg/kg), CT-NLC (100 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg) were administered orally. Levamisole (3 mg/kg) and Methylprednisolone (16 mg/kg) was used as standard drug. The selected CTNLC displayed a spherical particle with an average of ∼199.6 nm, polydispersity index of ∼0.305 and zeta potential of ∼-27.4 mV. %EE ∼74.04 % was attained. TEM images exhibited nanoparticles to be non-aggregated and in spherical shape. CTNLC treatment significantly increased the phagocytic index, antibody titres and level of IFN-γ but did not influence organ index compared to free CT. Carthamus tinctorius (L.) was successfully encapsulated into nanostructured lipid carriers. The developed NLC exhibited desirable parameters and was found to further improve immunomodulation efficacy. NLC has the potential to significantly enhance the efficacy of CT. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-90bd7f4b0bed4fd392ab247a2d8e21f7 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2352-9520 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | OpenNano |
| spelling | doaj-art-90bd7f4b0bed4fd392ab247a2d8e21f72025-08-20T02:58:25ZengElsevierOpenNano2352-95202025-05-012310024410.1016/j.onano.2025.100244Enhanced immunomodulator activity of Carthamus tinctorius (L.) extracts, a traditional medicine using nanostructured lipid carrier approachRachmat Mauludin0Insan Nurul Padjar1Neng Fisheri Kurniati2Ratna Annisa Utami3Pharmaceutics Department, School of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha No. 10 Bandung, West Java, 40132, IndonesiaPharmaceutics Department, School of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha No. 10 Bandung, West Java, 40132, IndonesiaPharmacology-Clinical Pharmacy Department, School of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha No. 10 Bandung, West Java, 40132, IndonesiaLaboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Pharmaceutics Department, School of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha No. 10 Bandung, West Java, 40132, Indonesia; Correspondence author at. Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Pharmaceutics Department, School of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha No. 10 Bandung, West Java, 40132, Indonesia.Considering the potential of Carthamus tinctorius (L.) (CT) for therapeutic purposes mainly as immunomodulator as well as the ability of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) to protect phytochemicals from degradation and improving their solubility, the objective of this study was design, optimization, and characterization CT-loaded NLC (CTNLC) system as an immunomodulator. The NLCs were prepared using hot homogenization techniques, which were later subjected to ultrasonication according to the Box Behnken design. The NLCs were characterized in terms of polydispersity index (PDI), particle size (PS), zeta potential (ZP), entrapment efficiency (%EE), and surface morphologies. The immunomodulatory activity was carried out by measuring phagocytic activity using carbon clearance method, organ index, antibody titres using indirect hemagglutination test and level of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). The CT extracts (300 mg/kg), CT-NLC (100 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg) were administered orally. Levamisole (3 mg/kg) and Methylprednisolone (16 mg/kg) was used as standard drug. The selected CTNLC displayed a spherical particle with an average of ∼199.6 nm, polydispersity index of ∼0.305 and zeta potential of ∼-27.4 mV. %EE ∼74.04 % was attained. TEM images exhibited nanoparticles to be non-aggregated and in spherical shape. CTNLC treatment significantly increased the phagocytic index, antibody titres and level of IFN-γ but did not influence organ index compared to free CT. Carthamus tinctorius (L.) was successfully encapsulated into nanostructured lipid carriers. The developed NLC exhibited desirable parameters and was found to further improve immunomodulation efficacy. NLC has the potential to significantly enhance the efficacy of CT.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352952025000131Box-Behnken designCarthamus Tinctorius (L.)Kasumba Turatenanostructured lipid carriers |
| spellingShingle | Rachmat Mauludin Insan Nurul Padjar Neng Fisheri Kurniati Ratna Annisa Utami Enhanced immunomodulator activity of Carthamus tinctorius (L.) extracts, a traditional medicine using nanostructured lipid carrier approach OpenNano Box-Behnken design Carthamus Tinctorius (L.) Kasumba Turate nanostructured lipid carriers |
| title | Enhanced immunomodulator activity of Carthamus tinctorius (L.) extracts, a traditional medicine using nanostructured lipid carrier approach |
| title_full | Enhanced immunomodulator activity of Carthamus tinctorius (L.) extracts, a traditional medicine using nanostructured lipid carrier approach |
| title_fullStr | Enhanced immunomodulator activity of Carthamus tinctorius (L.) extracts, a traditional medicine using nanostructured lipid carrier approach |
| title_full_unstemmed | Enhanced immunomodulator activity of Carthamus tinctorius (L.) extracts, a traditional medicine using nanostructured lipid carrier approach |
| title_short | Enhanced immunomodulator activity of Carthamus tinctorius (L.) extracts, a traditional medicine using nanostructured lipid carrier approach |
| title_sort | enhanced immunomodulator activity of carthamus tinctorius l extracts a traditional medicine using nanostructured lipid carrier approach |
| topic | Box-Behnken design Carthamus Tinctorius (L.) Kasumba Turate nanostructured lipid carriers |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352952025000131 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT rachmatmauludin enhancedimmunomodulatoractivityofcarthamustinctoriuslextractsatraditionalmedicineusingnanostructuredlipidcarrierapproach AT insannurulpadjar enhancedimmunomodulatoractivityofcarthamustinctoriuslextractsatraditionalmedicineusingnanostructuredlipidcarrierapproach AT nengfisherikurniati enhancedimmunomodulatoractivityofcarthamustinctoriuslextractsatraditionalmedicineusingnanostructuredlipidcarrierapproach AT ratnaannisautami enhancedimmunomodulatoractivityofcarthamustinctoriuslextractsatraditionalmedicineusingnanostructuredlipidcarrierapproach |