T-bet+CD8+ T cells govern anti-PD-1 responses in microsatellite-stable gastric cancers

Abstract More than 90% of advanced gastric cancers (GC) are microsatellite-stable (MSS). Compared to the high response rate of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in microsatellite-instability-high (MSI-H) GCs, only 10% of unstratified MSS GCs respond to ICIs. In this study, we apply semi-supervised...

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Main Authors: Shiying Tang, Xiaofang Che, Jinyan Wang, Ce Li, Xin He, Kezuo Hou, Xiaojie Zhang, Jia Guo, Bowen Yang, Danni Li, Lili Cao, Xiujuan Qu, Zhenning Wang, Yunpeng Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-58958-1
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Summary:Abstract More than 90% of advanced gastric cancers (GC) are microsatellite-stable (MSS). Compared to the high response rate of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in microsatellite-instability-high (MSI-H) GCs, only 10% of unstratified MSS GCs respond to ICIs. In this study, we apply semi-supervised learning to stratify potential ICI responders in MSS GCs, achieving high accuracy, quantified by an area under the curve of 0.924. Spatial analysis of the tumor microenvironment of ICI-sensitive GCs reveals a high level of T-bet+ CD8 + T cell infiltration in their tumor compartments. T-bet+ CD8 + T cells exhibit superior anti-tumor activity due to their increased ability to infiltrate tumors and secrete cytotoxic molecules. Adoptive transfer of T-bet+ CD8 + T cells boosts anti-tumor immunity and confers susceptibility to ICIs in immune-ignorant MSS GCs in a humanized mouse model. Spatial RNA sequencing suggests a positive-feedback loop between T-bet+ T cells and PD-L1+ tumor cells, which eventually drives T cell exhaustion and can therefore be leveraged for ICI therapy. In summary, our research provides insights into the underlying mechanism of anti-tumor immunity and deepens our understanding of varied ICI responses in MSS GCs.
ISSN:2041-1723