Multitrajectories of Frailty and Depression With Cognitive Function: Findings From the Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study
ABSTRACT Background Little is known about the joint associations between trajectories of frailty and depression with cognitive function. This study aims to explore the multitrajectories of frailty and depression and their joint impact on cognition. Methods A total of 8600 participants from the Healt...
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| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.13795 |
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| author | Chengxiang Hu Xiaoyue Sun Zhirong Li Yue He Beibei Han Zibo Wu Siyu Liu Lina Jin |
| author_facet | Chengxiang Hu Xiaoyue Sun Zhirong Li Yue He Beibei Han Zibo Wu Siyu Liu Lina Jin |
| author_sort | Chengxiang Hu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACT Background Little is known about the joint associations between trajectories of frailty and depression with cognitive function. This study aims to explore the multitrajectories of frailty and depression and their joint impact on cognition. Methods A total of 8600 participants from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) (1996–2018) were analysed using a group‐based trajectory model for 10‐year multitrajectories. Participants were classified into five groups based on their trajectories. Multivariable linear mixed models and Cox proportional hazards models were utilized. Results Compared with Group 1 (stable robust and nondepressed), Groups 2 (‘worsening prefrailty without depression,’ β = −0.022 SD/year), 3 (‘stable prefrailty with escalating depressive symptoms,’ β = −0.016 SD/year), 4 (‘increasing frailty alongside worsening depressive symptoms,’ β = −0.034 SD/year) and 5 (‘high and escalating frailty with persistent depression,’ β = −0.055 SD/year) exhibited accelerated cognitive decline. Dementia risk was significantly higher in G2 (HR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.08–1.48), G3 (HR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.31–1.80), G4 (HR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.54–2.14) and G5 (HR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.48–2.33) compared with G1. Conclusions Worsening frailty and depression accelerate cognitive decline and risk of dementia, underscoring the need to address both conditions to mitigate cognition. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-90a48d6825dc4cdba3fea0fd253eba52 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2190-5991 2190-6009 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
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| series | Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle |
| spelling | doaj-art-90a48d6825dc4cdba3fea0fd253eba522025-08-20T02:09:09ZengWileyJournal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle2190-59912190-60092025-04-01162n/an/a10.1002/jcsm.13795Multitrajectories of Frailty and Depression With Cognitive Function: Findings From the Health and Retirement Longitudinal StudyChengxiang Hu0Xiaoyue Sun1Zhirong Li2Yue He3Beibei Han4Zibo Wu5Siyu Liu6Lina Jin7Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health Jilin University Changchun Jilin Province ChinaDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health Jilin University Changchun Jilin Province ChinaDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health Jilin University Changchun Jilin Province ChinaDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health Jilin University Changchun Jilin Province ChinaDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health Jilin University Changchun Jilin Province ChinaDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health Jilin University Changchun Jilin Province ChinaDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health Jilin University Changchun Jilin Province ChinaDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health Jilin University Changchun Jilin Province ChinaABSTRACT Background Little is known about the joint associations between trajectories of frailty and depression with cognitive function. This study aims to explore the multitrajectories of frailty and depression and their joint impact on cognition. Methods A total of 8600 participants from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) (1996–2018) were analysed using a group‐based trajectory model for 10‐year multitrajectories. Participants were classified into five groups based on their trajectories. Multivariable linear mixed models and Cox proportional hazards models were utilized. Results Compared with Group 1 (stable robust and nondepressed), Groups 2 (‘worsening prefrailty without depression,’ β = −0.022 SD/year), 3 (‘stable prefrailty with escalating depressive symptoms,’ β = −0.016 SD/year), 4 (‘increasing frailty alongside worsening depressive symptoms,’ β = −0.034 SD/year) and 5 (‘high and escalating frailty with persistent depression,’ β = −0.055 SD/year) exhibited accelerated cognitive decline. Dementia risk was significantly higher in G2 (HR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.08–1.48), G3 (HR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.31–1.80), G4 (HR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.54–2.14) and G5 (HR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.48–2.33) compared with G1. Conclusions Worsening frailty and depression accelerate cognitive decline and risk of dementia, underscoring the need to address both conditions to mitigate cognition.https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.13795cognitive declinecohort studydepressionfrailtymultitrajectory |
| spellingShingle | Chengxiang Hu Xiaoyue Sun Zhirong Li Yue He Beibei Han Zibo Wu Siyu Liu Lina Jin Multitrajectories of Frailty and Depression With Cognitive Function: Findings From the Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle cognitive decline cohort study depression frailty multitrajectory |
| title | Multitrajectories of Frailty and Depression With Cognitive Function: Findings From the Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study |
| title_full | Multitrajectories of Frailty and Depression With Cognitive Function: Findings From the Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study |
| title_fullStr | Multitrajectories of Frailty and Depression With Cognitive Function: Findings From the Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Multitrajectories of Frailty and Depression With Cognitive Function: Findings From the Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study |
| title_short | Multitrajectories of Frailty and Depression With Cognitive Function: Findings From the Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study |
| title_sort | multitrajectories of frailty and depression with cognitive function findings from the health and retirement longitudinal study |
| topic | cognitive decline cohort study depression frailty multitrajectory |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.13795 |
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