Deterministic Sea Wave Reconstruction and Prediction Based on Coherent S-Band Radar Using Condition Number Regularized Least Squares

Coherent S-band radar is a remote sensing observation device with high spatial-temporal resolution and can be used to achieve deterministic sea wave reconstruction and prediction (DSWRP) technology. However, coherent S-band radar can observe nonlinear details of the sea surface due to its high resol...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Zhongqian Hu, Zezong Chen, Chen Zhao, Xi Chen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Remote Sensing
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/22/4147
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850266486775480320
author Zhongqian Hu
Zezong Chen
Chen Zhao
Xi Chen
author_facet Zhongqian Hu
Zezong Chen
Chen Zhao
Xi Chen
author_sort Zhongqian Hu
collection DOAJ
description Coherent S-band radar is a remote sensing observation device with high spatial-temporal resolution and can be used to achieve deterministic sea wave reconstruction and prediction (DSWRP) technology. However, coherent S-band radar can observe nonlinear details of the sea surface due to its high resolution, which makes the propagation operator matrix an ill-conditioned overdetermined matrix. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a DSWRP scheme using condition number regularized least squares (CN-RLS) for coherent S-band radar. First, the space-time velocity information was obtained from the radar echo. Second, the CN-RLS method solved the phase-resolved model coefficients. Finally, the deterministic wave field was predicted according to the solved model coefficients. The proposed scheme was verified by simulation data and the real radar dataset observed by the coherent S-band wave-measuring radar onboard the ship XIANGYANGHONG-18 in the East China Sea in April 2024. The predicted wave elevation of the proposed method was compared with the wave elevation observed based on the X-band wave-measuring radar, and the root mean square error (RMSE) and correlation coefficient (CC) were 0.22 m and 0.76, respectively, which show that the proposed method could effectively implement the DSWRP technology.
format Article
id doaj-art-908d7d7c0b25444e96bef0db7ce1bb3f
institution OA Journals
issn 2072-4292
language English
publishDate 2024-11-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Remote Sensing
spelling doaj-art-908d7d7c0b25444e96bef0db7ce1bb3f2025-08-20T01:54:08ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922024-11-011622414710.3390/rs16224147Deterministic Sea Wave Reconstruction and Prediction Based on Coherent S-Band Radar Using Condition Number Regularized Least SquaresZhongqian Hu0Zezong Chen1Chen Zhao2Xi Chen3School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, ChinaSchool of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, ChinaSchool of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, ChinaChina Ship Development and Design Center, Wuhan 430072, ChinaCoherent S-band radar is a remote sensing observation device with high spatial-temporal resolution and can be used to achieve deterministic sea wave reconstruction and prediction (DSWRP) technology. However, coherent S-band radar can observe nonlinear details of the sea surface due to its high resolution, which makes the propagation operator matrix an ill-conditioned overdetermined matrix. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a DSWRP scheme using condition number regularized least squares (CN-RLS) for coherent S-band radar. First, the space-time velocity information was obtained from the radar echo. Second, the CN-RLS method solved the phase-resolved model coefficients. Finally, the deterministic wave field was predicted according to the solved model coefficients. The proposed scheme was verified by simulation data and the real radar dataset observed by the coherent S-band wave-measuring radar onboard the ship XIANGYANGHONG-18 in the East China Sea in April 2024. The predicted wave elevation of the proposed method was compared with the wave elevation observed based on the X-band wave-measuring radar, and the root mean square error (RMSE) and correlation coefficient (CC) were 0.22 m and 0.76, respectively, which show that the proposed method could effectively implement the DSWRP technology.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/22/4147remote sensingDSWRPnonlinear detailsCN-RLSmodel coefficients
spellingShingle Zhongqian Hu
Zezong Chen
Chen Zhao
Xi Chen
Deterministic Sea Wave Reconstruction and Prediction Based on Coherent S-Band Radar Using Condition Number Regularized Least Squares
Remote Sensing
remote sensing
DSWRP
nonlinear details
CN-RLS
model coefficients
title Deterministic Sea Wave Reconstruction and Prediction Based on Coherent S-Band Radar Using Condition Number Regularized Least Squares
title_full Deterministic Sea Wave Reconstruction and Prediction Based on Coherent S-Band Radar Using Condition Number Regularized Least Squares
title_fullStr Deterministic Sea Wave Reconstruction and Prediction Based on Coherent S-Band Radar Using Condition Number Regularized Least Squares
title_full_unstemmed Deterministic Sea Wave Reconstruction and Prediction Based on Coherent S-Band Radar Using Condition Number Regularized Least Squares
title_short Deterministic Sea Wave Reconstruction and Prediction Based on Coherent S-Band Radar Using Condition Number Regularized Least Squares
title_sort deterministic sea wave reconstruction and prediction based on coherent s band radar using condition number regularized least squares
topic remote sensing
DSWRP
nonlinear details
CN-RLS
model coefficients
url https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/22/4147
work_keys_str_mv AT zhongqianhu deterministicseawavereconstructionandpredictionbasedoncoherentsbandradarusingconditionnumberregularizedleastsquares
AT zezongchen deterministicseawavereconstructionandpredictionbasedoncoherentsbandradarusingconditionnumberregularizedleastsquares
AT chenzhao deterministicseawavereconstructionandpredictionbasedoncoherentsbandradarusingconditionnumberregularizedleastsquares
AT xichen deterministicseawavereconstructionandpredictionbasedoncoherentsbandradarusingconditionnumberregularizedleastsquares