Design of optimal waste heat recovery system for compressed air energy storage considering various system layouts and working fluid types

Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) is a long-time electricity storage technology, whereas the low efficiency restricts its popularization. Recycling waste heat from interstage coolers can enhance performance of CAES, and organic Rankine cycle (ORC) shows good potential. Interstage coolers have mul...

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Main Authors: Xu Chen, Jian Li, Yunfei Zhang, Mingzhe Yu, Yujie Zhang, Xingying Chen, Jun Shen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-09-01
Series:Case Studies in Thermal Engineering
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214157X25008093
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author Xu Chen
Jian Li
Yunfei Zhang
Mingzhe Yu
Yujie Zhang
Xingying Chen
Jun Shen
author_facet Xu Chen
Jian Li
Yunfei Zhang
Mingzhe Yu
Yujie Zhang
Xingying Chen
Jun Shen
author_sort Xu Chen
collection DOAJ
description Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) is a long-time electricity storage technology, whereas the low efficiency restricts its popularization. Recycling waste heat from interstage coolers can enhance performance of CAES, and organic Rankine cycle (ORC) shows good potential. Interstage coolers have multiple stages with different temperatures. Using the parallel ORC (PORC) potentially improves the recovery efficiency than the traditional single ORC (SORC). Meanwhile, the zeotropic mixture usually has a better thermodynamic performance but a poorer economic performance than common pure fluids. This paper studied the optimal scheme of ORC-based waste heat recovery system for CAES considering various system layouts and working fluid types. Single-objective optimization results show that using SORC will cause a 52.8 %–56.7 % increase in net present value while a 1.8 %–2.0 % decrease in net output power, compared to using PORC. Using zeotropic mixtures can achieve a 5.9 %–6.1 % increase in net output power and a 0.7 %–3.3 % increase in the net present value, compared to using pure fluids. Weighing thermodynamic and economic pursuits, the best design scheme is SORC with zeotropic mixtures, whose net output power and net present value are 2.74 MW and 5.29 × 106 $, respectively. Compared to without waste heat utilization, this scheme improves the efficiency by 4.0 % for CAES.
format Article
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institution OA Journals
issn 2214-157X
language English
publishDate 2025-09-01
publisher Elsevier
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series Case Studies in Thermal Engineering
spelling doaj-art-908733d69a5940f3bedd4a96e094e7292025-08-20T02:35:06ZengElsevierCase Studies in Thermal Engineering2214-157X2025-09-017310654910.1016/j.csite.2025.106549Design of optimal waste heat recovery system for compressed air energy storage considering various system layouts and working fluid typesXu Chen0Jian Li1Yunfei Zhang2Mingzhe Yu3Yujie Zhang4Xingying Chen5Jun Shen6School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, PR ChinaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, PR China; Corresponding author.School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, PR ChinaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, PR ChinaCollege of Geographic Sciences, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, PR ChinaSchool of Electrical and Power Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210024, PR ChinaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, PR ChinaCompressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) is a long-time electricity storage technology, whereas the low efficiency restricts its popularization. Recycling waste heat from interstage coolers can enhance performance of CAES, and organic Rankine cycle (ORC) shows good potential. Interstage coolers have multiple stages with different temperatures. Using the parallel ORC (PORC) potentially improves the recovery efficiency than the traditional single ORC (SORC). Meanwhile, the zeotropic mixture usually has a better thermodynamic performance but a poorer economic performance than common pure fluids. This paper studied the optimal scheme of ORC-based waste heat recovery system for CAES considering various system layouts and working fluid types. Single-objective optimization results show that using SORC will cause a 52.8 %–56.7 % increase in net present value while a 1.8 %–2.0 % decrease in net output power, compared to using PORC. Using zeotropic mixtures can achieve a 5.9 %–6.1 % increase in net output power and a 0.7 %–3.3 % increase in the net present value, compared to using pure fluids. Weighing thermodynamic and economic pursuits, the best design scheme is SORC with zeotropic mixtures, whose net output power and net present value are 2.74 MW and 5.29 × 106 $, respectively. Compared to without waste heat utilization, this scheme improves the efficiency by 4.0 % for CAES.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214157X25008093Waste heatMulti-objective optimizationCompressed air energy storageZeotropic mixtureOrganic Rankine cycle
spellingShingle Xu Chen
Jian Li
Yunfei Zhang
Mingzhe Yu
Yujie Zhang
Xingying Chen
Jun Shen
Design of optimal waste heat recovery system for compressed air energy storage considering various system layouts and working fluid types
Case Studies in Thermal Engineering
Waste heat
Multi-objective optimization
Compressed air energy storage
Zeotropic mixture
Organic Rankine cycle
title Design of optimal waste heat recovery system for compressed air energy storage considering various system layouts and working fluid types
title_full Design of optimal waste heat recovery system for compressed air energy storage considering various system layouts and working fluid types
title_fullStr Design of optimal waste heat recovery system for compressed air energy storage considering various system layouts and working fluid types
title_full_unstemmed Design of optimal waste heat recovery system for compressed air energy storage considering various system layouts and working fluid types
title_short Design of optimal waste heat recovery system for compressed air energy storage considering various system layouts and working fluid types
title_sort design of optimal waste heat recovery system for compressed air energy storage considering various system layouts and working fluid types
topic Waste heat
Multi-objective optimization
Compressed air energy storage
Zeotropic mixture
Organic Rankine cycle
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214157X25008093
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