Microwave-assisted biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using two marine microalgal extracts and their antimycobacteriosis activity against bacteria isolated from Betta splendens

Abstract This study explores the synthesis and antibacterial properties of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as a safer, eco-friendly alternative to traditional chemical treatments for bacterial infections. AgNPs were synthesized using aqueous extracts of marine microalgae, Isochrysis galbana and Chaetoc...

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Main Authors: Piyapan Manklinniam, Saranya Phunpruch, Aparporn Sakulkalavek, Rachsak Sakdanuphab, Worakrit Worananthakij
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-00128-w
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author Piyapan Manklinniam
Saranya Phunpruch
Aparporn Sakulkalavek
Rachsak Sakdanuphab
Worakrit Worananthakij
author_facet Piyapan Manklinniam
Saranya Phunpruch
Aparporn Sakulkalavek
Rachsak Sakdanuphab
Worakrit Worananthakij
author_sort Piyapan Manklinniam
collection DOAJ
description Abstract This study explores the synthesis and antibacterial properties of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as a safer, eco-friendly alternative to traditional chemical treatments for bacterial infections. AgNPs were synthesized using aqueous extracts of marine microalgae, Isochrysis galbana and Chaetoceros calcitrans, via conventional and microwave-assisted methods, with the latter accelerating nanoparticle production. Extracts in ethanol, hexane, and acetone were tested, with the ethanolic extract of I. galbana showing the strongest antibacterial effects. The AgNPs exhibited broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and fish pathogens like Aeromonas veronii. Microwave-assisted synthesis with ethanolic extracts resulted in the highest inhibition, particularly against fish and tuberculosis-related pathogens, including Mycobacterium marinum. Nanoparticle formation was confirmed using various characterization methods, including ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which revealed crystalline structures. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed that AgNPs varied in size, with an average diameter of less than 50 nm and all particles being smaller than 100 nm. This research demonstrates the potential of AgNPs as an effective alternative to antibiotics, offering targeted bacterial inhibition while reducing the risk of antibiotic resistance. This makes it a promising approach for treating bacterial infections in ornamental fish.
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spelling doaj-art-9084805097cd47f594c0cf1771fcce7d2025-08-20T01:47:33ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-05-0115111310.1038/s41598-025-00128-wMicrowave-assisted biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using two marine microalgal extracts and their antimycobacteriosis activity against bacteria isolated from Betta splendensPiyapan Manklinniam0Saranya Phunpruch1Aparporn Sakulkalavek2Rachsak Sakdanuphab3Worakrit Worananthakij4Department of Biology, School of Science, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology LadkrabangDepartment of Biology, School of Science, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology LadkrabangDepartment of Physics, School of Science, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology LadkrabangElectronic and Optoelectronic Device Research Unit, School of Science, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology LadkrabangDepartment of Biology, School of Science, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology LadkrabangAbstract This study explores the synthesis and antibacterial properties of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as a safer, eco-friendly alternative to traditional chemical treatments for bacterial infections. AgNPs were synthesized using aqueous extracts of marine microalgae, Isochrysis galbana and Chaetoceros calcitrans, via conventional and microwave-assisted methods, with the latter accelerating nanoparticle production. Extracts in ethanol, hexane, and acetone were tested, with the ethanolic extract of I. galbana showing the strongest antibacterial effects. The AgNPs exhibited broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and fish pathogens like Aeromonas veronii. Microwave-assisted synthesis with ethanolic extracts resulted in the highest inhibition, particularly against fish and tuberculosis-related pathogens, including Mycobacterium marinum. Nanoparticle formation was confirmed using various characterization methods, including ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which revealed crystalline structures. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed that AgNPs varied in size, with an average diameter of less than 50 nm and all particles being smaller than 100 nm. This research demonstrates the potential of AgNPs as an effective alternative to antibiotics, offering targeted bacterial inhibition while reducing the risk of antibiotic resistance. This makes it a promising approach for treating bacterial infections in ornamental fish.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-00128-wBiosynthesisSilver nanoparticlesMicrowave radiationMycobacteriosisAntibacterial activity
spellingShingle Piyapan Manklinniam
Saranya Phunpruch
Aparporn Sakulkalavek
Rachsak Sakdanuphab
Worakrit Worananthakij
Microwave-assisted biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using two marine microalgal extracts and their antimycobacteriosis activity against bacteria isolated from Betta splendens
Scientific Reports
Biosynthesis
Silver nanoparticles
Microwave radiation
Mycobacteriosis
Antibacterial activity
title Microwave-assisted biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using two marine microalgal extracts and their antimycobacteriosis activity against bacteria isolated from Betta splendens
title_full Microwave-assisted biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using two marine microalgal extracts and their antimycobacteriosis activity against bacteria isolated from Betta splendens
title_fullStr Microwave-assisted biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using two marine microalgal extracts and their antimycobacteriosis activity against bacteria isolated from Betta splendens
title_full_unstemmed Microwave-assisted biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using two marine microalgal extracts and their antimycobacteriosis activity against bacteria isolated from Betta splendens
title_short Microwave-assisted biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using two marine microalgal extracts and their antimycobacteriosis activity against bacteria isolated from Betta splendens
title_sort microwave assisted biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using two marine microalgal extracts and their antimycobacteriosis activity against bacteria isolated from betta splendens
topic Biosynthesis
Silver nanoparticles
Microwave radiation
Mycobacteriosis
Antibacterial activity
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-00128-w
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