Eggshell waste as a bioremoval agent for potentially toxic elements/metals and microbial contaminants from raw water of the Nile River in Egypt
Abstract Recently, microbial, and potentially toxic elements/metals (PTEs) contamination of aquatic ecosystems has been increasing in Egypt, owing to the bio-disposal of such pollutants in water effluents. This study focused on using Eggshell waste (ESW) as a bioremoval agent for metals and microbia...
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2025-04-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-025-07199-y |
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| author | Alaa Hosny Nada Wael Menna A. Hossam Mariam Abdelmonem Salwa M. El-Sayed Samah H. Abu-Hussien Basma T. Abd-Elhalim |
| author_facet | Alaa Hosny Nada Wael Menna A. Hossam Mariam Abdelmonem Salwa M. El-Sayed Samah H. Abu-Hussien Basma T. Abd-Elhalim |
| author_sort | Alaa Hosny |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Recently, microbial, and potentially toxic elements/metals (PTEs) contamination of aquatic ecosystems has been increasing in Egypt, owing to the bio-disposal of such pollutants in water effluents. This study focused on using Eggshell waste (ESW) as a bioremoval agent for metals and microbial contaminants from raw water of the Nile river in Egypt which considered the source for life for all Egyptians. ESW was collected from local bakeries in Cairo, Egypt, and prepared for use as bioadsorbent. All raw water samples were treated with prepared ESW and tested for initial and end concentrations of PTEs and microbial load contents. Moreover, Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX) was performed to test ESW characterization properties before and after raw water treatment using ESW. Results obtained by SEM recorded irregular rhombus-like stereo structures with tiny pore structures and lamellar structures with enlarged pore architectures dispersed randomly on the surface before ESW treatment. After ESW treatment, SEM-EDX results indicated a regular and adhesive appearance on the surface of ESW. Moreover, current results revealed that bioremoval efficiency reached 94.4, 64.7, and 51.4% for removing lead, cadmium, and iron, using ESW, respectively. Moreover, ESW was highly effective in eliminating Escherichia coli throughout the first 4 h of contacting and inhibiting 70% of the microbial load incubated at 37 °C, and complete inhibition occurred after 24 h of contacting process. Overall, this study advances knowledge in bioremediation and offers practical solutions for water quality management using organic waste materials. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-906ff23d0a6a48e5a050ea93711fba8b |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1756-0500 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Research Notes |
| spelling | doaj-art-906ff23d0a6a48e5a050ea93711fba8b2025-08-20T02:24:26ZengBMCBMC Research Notes1756-05002025-04-0118111210.1186/s13104-025-07199-yEggshell waste as a bioremoval agent for potentially toxic elements/metals and microbial contaminants from raw water of the Nile River in EgyptAlaa Hosny0Nada Wael1Menna A. Hossam2Mariam Abdelmonem3Salwa M. El-Sayed4Samah H. Abu-Hussien5Basma T. Abd-Elhalim6New Programs, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams UniversityNew Programs, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams UniversityNew Programs, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams UniversityNew Programs, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams UniversityDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams UniversityDepartment of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams UniversityDepartment of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams UniversityAbstract Recently, microbial, and potentially toxic elements/metals (PTEs) contamination of aquatic ecosystems has been increasing in Egypt, owing to the bio-disposal of such pollutants in water effluents. This study focused on using Eggshell waste (ESW) as a bioremoval agent for metals and microbial contaminants from raw water of the Nile river in Egypt which considered the source for life for all Egyptians. ESW was collected from local bakeries in Cairo, Egypt, and prepared for use as bioadsorbent. All raw water samples were treated with prepared ESW and tested for initial and end concentrations of PTEs and microbial load contents. Moreover, Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX) was performed to test ESW characterization properties before and after raw water treatment using ESW. Results obtained by SEM recorded irregular rhombus-like stereo structures with tiny pore structures and lamellar structures with enlarged pore architectures dispersed randomly on the surface before ESW treatment. After ESW treatment, SEM-EDX results indicated a regular and adhesive appearance on the surface of ESW. Moreover, current results revealed that bioremoval efficiency reached 94.4, 64.7, and 51.4% for removing lead, cadmium, and iron, using ESW, respectively. Moreover, ESW was highly effective in eliminating Escherichia coli throughout the first 4 h of contacting and inhibiting 70% of the microbial load incubated at 37 °C, and complete inhibition occurred after 24 h of contacting process. Overall, this study advances knowledge in bioremediation and offers practical solutions for water quality management using organic waste materials.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-025-07199-yBioremediationEggshell wastePotentially toxic elements/metalsMicrobial contaminationNile riverRaw water |
| spellingShingle | Alaa Hosny Nada Wael Menna A. Hossam Mariam Abdelmonem Salwa M. El-Sayed Samah H. Abu-Hussien Basma T. Abd-Elhalim Eggshell waste as a bioremoval agent for potentially toxic elements/metals and microbial contaminants from raw water of the Nile River in Egypt BMC Research Notes Bioremediation Eggshell waste Potentially toxic elements/metals Microbial contamination Nile river Raw water |
| title | Eggshell waste as a bioremoval agent for potentially toxic elements/metals and microbial contaminants from raw water of the Nile River in Egypt |
| title_full | Eggshell waste as a bioremoval agent for potentially toxic elements/metals and microbial contaminants from raw water of the Nile River in Egypt |
| title_fullStr | Eggshell waste as a bioremoval agent for potentially toxic elements/metals and microbial contaminants from raw water of the Nile River in Egypt |
| title_full_unstemmed | Eggshell waste as a bioremoval agent for potentially toxic elements/metals and microbial contaminants from raw water of the Nile River in Egypt |
| title_short | Eggshell waste as a bioremoval agent for potentially toxic elements/metals and microbial contaminants from raw water of the Nile River in Egypt |
| title_sort | eggshell waste as a bioremoval agent for potentially toxic elements metals and microbial contaminants from raw water of the nile river in egypt |
| topic | Bioremediation Eggshell waste Potentially toxic elements/metals Microbial contamination Nile river Raw water |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-025-07199-y |
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