Eggshell waste as a bioremoval agent for potentially toxic elements/metals and microbial contaminants from raw water of the Nile River in Egypt

Abstract Recently, microbial, and potentially toxic elements/metals (PTEs) contamination of aquatic ecosystems has been increasing in Egypt, owing to the bio-disposal of such pollutants in water effluents. This study focused on using Eggshell waste (ESW) as a bioremoval agent for metals and microbia...

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Main Authors: Alaa Hosny, Nada Wael, Menna A. Hossam, Mariam Abdelmonem, Salwa M. El-Sayed, Samah H. Abu-Hussien, Basma T. Abd-Elhalim
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-04-01
Series:BMC Research Notes
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-025-07199-y
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author Alaa Hosny
Nada Wael
Menna A. Hossam
Mariam Abdelmonem
Salwa M. El-Sayed
Samah H. Abu-Hussien
Basma T. Abd-Elhalim
author_facet Alaa Hosny
Nada Wael
Menna A. Hossam
Mariam Abdelmonem
Salwa M. El-Sayed
Samah H. Abu-Hussien
Basma T. Abd-Elhalim
author_sort Alaa Hosny
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Recently, microbial, and potentially toxic elements/metals (PTEs) contamination of aquatic ecosystems has been increasing in Egypt, owing to the bio-disposal of such pollutants in water effluents. This study focused on using Eggshell waste (ESW) as a bioremoval agent for metals and microbial contaminants from raw water of the Nile river in Egypt which considered the source for life for all Egyptians. ESW was collected from local bakeries in Cairo, Egypt, and prepared for use as bioadsorbent. All raw water samples were treated with prepared ESW and tested for initial and end concentrations of PTEs and microbial load contents. Moreover, Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX) was performed to test ESW characterization properties before and after raw water treatment using ESW. Results obtained by SEM recorded irregular rhombus-like stereo structures with tiny pore structures and lamellar structures with enlarged pore architectures dispersed randomly on the surface before ESW treatment. After ESW treatment, SEM-EDX results indicated a regular and adhesive appearance on the surface of ESW. Moreover, current results revealed that bioremoval efficiency reached 94.4, 64.7, and 51.4% for removing lead, cadmium, and iron, using ESW, respectively. Moreover, ESW was highly effective in eliminating Escherichia coli throughout the first 4 h of contacting and inhibiting 70% of the microbial load incubated at 37 °C, and complete inhibition occurred after 24 h of contacting process. Overall, this study advances knowledge in bioremediation and offers practical solutions for water quality management using organic waste materials.
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spelling doaj-art-906ff23d0a6a48e5a050ea93711fba8b2025-08-20T02:24:26ZengBMCBMC Research Notes1756-05002025-04-0118111210.1186/s13104-025-07199-yEggshell waste as a bioremoval agent for potentially toxic elements/metals and microbial contaminants from raw water of the Nile River in EgyptAlaa Hosny0Nada Wael1Menna A. Hossam2Mariam Abdelmonem3Salwa M. El-Sayed4Samah H. Abu-Hussien5Basma T. Abd-Elhalim6New Programs, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams UniversityNew Programs, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams UniversityNew Programs, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams UniversityNew Programs, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams UniversityDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams UniversityDepartment of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams UniversityDepartment of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams UniversityAbstract Recently, microbial, and potentially toxic elements/metals (PTEs) contamination of aquatic ecosystems has been increasing in Egypt, owing to the bio-disposal of such pollutants in water effluents. This study focused on using Eggshell waste (ESW) as a bioremoval agent for metals and microbial contaminants from raw water of the Nile river in Egypt which considered the source for life for all Egyptians. ESW was collected from local bakeries in Cairo, Egypt, and prepared for use as bioadsorbent. All raw water samples were treated with prepared ESW and tested for initial and end concentrations of PTEs and microbial load contents. Moreover, Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX) was performed to test ESW characterization properties before and after raw water treatment using ESW. Results obtained by SEM recorded irregular rhombus-like stereo structures with tiny pore structures and lamellar structures with enlarged pore architectures dispersed randomly on the surface before ESW treatment. After ESW treatment, SEM-EDX results indicated a regular and adhesive appearance on the surface of ESW. Moreover, current results revealed that bioremoval efficiency reached 94.4, 64.7, and 51.4% for removing lead, cadmium, and iron, using ESW, respectively. Moreover, ESW was highly effective in eliminating Escherichia coli throughout the first 4 h of contacting and inhibiting 70% of the microbial load incubated at 37 °C, and complete inhibition occurred after 24 h of contacting process. Overall, this study advances knowledge in bioremediation and offers practical solutions for water quality management using organic waste materials.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-025-07199-yBioremediationEggshell wastePotentially toxic elements/metalsMicrobial contaminationNile riverRaw water
spellingShingle Alaa Hosny
Nada Wael
Menna A. Hossam
Mariam Abdelmonem
Salwa M. El-Sayed
Samah H. Abu-Hussien
Basma T. Abd-Elhalim
Eggshell waste as a bioremoval agent for potentially toxic elements/metals and microbial contaminants from raw water of the Nile River in Egypt
BMC Research Notes
Bioremediation
Eggshell waste
Potentially toxic elements/metals
Microbial contamination
Nile river
Raw water
title Eggshell waste as a bioremoval agent for potentially toxic elements/metals and microbial contaminants from raw water of the Nile River in Egypt
title_full Eggshell waste as a bioremoval agent for potentially toxic elements/metals and microbial contaminants from raw water of the Nile River in Egypt
title_fullStr Eggshell waste as a bioremoval agent for potentially toxic elements/metals and microbial contaminants from raw water of the Nile River in Egypt
title_full_unstemmed Eggshell waste as a bioremoval agent for potentially toxic elements/metals and microbial contaminants from raw water of the Nile River in Egypt
title_short Eggshell waste as a bioremoval agent for potentially toxic elements/metals and microbial contaminants from raw water of the Nile River in Egypt
title_sort eggshell waste as a bioremoval agent for potentially toxic elements metals and microbial contaminants from raw water of the nile river in egypt
topic Bioremediation
Eggshell waste
Potentially toxic elements/metals
Microbial contamination
Nile river
Raw water
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-025-07199-y
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