The relevance of cardiac and gastric interoception for disordered eating behavior

Abstract Background Gastric interoception (i.e., the perception of gastrointestinal signals such as hunger, satiety or nausea) in the context of eating has recently gained increasing research attention. Nevertheless, it remains poorly understood how different interoceptive dimensions (e.g., self-rep...

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Main Authors: Aline Tiemann, Julie Ortmann, Marius Rubo, Andrea H. Meyer, Simone Munsch, Claus Vögele, Zoé van Dyck
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-06-01
Series:Journal of Eating Disorders
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40337-025-01284-0
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author Aline Tiemann
Julie Ortmann
Marius Rubo
Andrea H. Meyer
Simone Munsch
Claus Vögele
Zoé van Dyck
author_facet Aline Tiemann
Julie Ortmann
Marius Rubo
Andrea H. Meyer
Simone Munsch
Claus Vögele
Zoé van Dyck
author_sort Aline Tiemann
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Gastric interoception (i.e., the perception of gastrointestinal signals such as hunger, satiety or nausea) in the context of eating has recently gained increasing research attention. Nevertheless, it remains poorly understood how different interoceptive dimensions (e.g., self-report) and organ systems (e.g., cardiac, gastric) relate to each other and to disordered eating behaviors such as emotional, external and restrained eating. We assessed multiple dimensions (behavioral, self-reported, and physiological) in the cardiac domain (interoceptive accuracy, interoceptive self-report, interoceptive insight and objective physiological state) and in the gastric domain (gastric interoceptive sensitivity, gastric attribution of interoceptive sensations, interoceptive self-report, interoceptive insight and objective physiological state). The first goal of this study was to examine the relationship between cardiac and gastric interoception measured via multiple dimensions (behavioral, self-reported, and physiological). The second goal was to investigate whether multidimensional gastric interoception was a more important predictor of emotional, external and restrained eating than multidimensional cardiac interoception. Methods Our sample (n = 128) was predominantly female (n = 116), included healthy individuals (n = 87) and individuals with an eating disorder or sub-clinical eating disorder (n = 41). Instruments included a heartbeat counting task, the two-step Water Load Test, electrocardiogram, electrogastrogram and the Dutch-Eating Behaviour Questionnaire. We used correlation analysis, multiple regressions, and LASSO regressions. The final sample included in the multiple regression and LASSO regressions resulted in N = 89. Results Results showed cardiac and gastric interoception to be distinguishable, yet not to be entirely independent processes. Results further suggest gastric and not cardiac interoception to be the most important predictor of emotional, external and restrained eating. Specifically gastric attribution of interoceptive sensations played the most important role in all disordered eating behaviors. Conclusions Our findings highlight the importance of the gastric system in the assessment and targeted treatment of disordered eating behaviors. Future research should consider adding additional interoceptive dimensions.
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spelling doaj-art-906d9be8946f43b1aed9a380908f6f7a2025-08-20T03:47:24ZengBMCJournal of Eating Disorders2050-29742025-06-0113111710.1186/s40337-025-01284-0The relevance of cardiac and gastric interoception for disordered eating behaviorAline Tiemann0Julie Ortmann1Marius Rubo2Andrea H. Meyer3Simone Munsch4Claus Vögele5Zoé van Dyck6Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of FribourgDepartment of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Health and Behaviour, University of LuxembourgDepartment of Cognitive Psychology, Perception and Methodology, Institute of Psychology, University of BernDepartment of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of FribourgDepartment of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of FribourgDepartment of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Health and Behaviour, University of LuxembourgDepartment of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Health and Behaviour, University of LuxembourgAbstract Background Gastric interoception (i.e., the perception of gastrointestinal signals such as hunger, satiety or nausea) in the context of eating has recently gained increasing research attention. Nevertheless, it remains poorly understood how different interoceptive dimensions (e.g., self-report) and organ systems (e.g., cardiac, gastric) relate to each other and to disordered eating behaviors such as emotional, external and restrained eating. We assessed multiple dimensions (behavioral, self-reported, and physiological) in the cardiac domain (interoceptive accuracy, interoceptive self-report, interoceptive insight and objective physiological state) and in the gastric domain (gastric interoceptive sensitivity, gastric attribution of interoceptive sensations, interoceptive self-report, interoceptive insight and objective physiological state). The first goal of this study was to examine the relationship between cardiac and gastric interoception measured via multiple dimensions (behavioral, self-reported, and physiological). The second goal was to investigate whether multidimensional gastric interoception was a more important predictor of emotional, external and restrained eating than multidimensional cardiac interoception. Methods Our sample (n = 128) was predominantly female (n = 116), included healthy individuals (n = 87) and individuals with an eating disorder or sub-clinical eating disorder (n = 41). Instruments included a heartbeat counting task, the two-step Water Load Test, electrocardiogram, electrogastrogram and the Dutch-Eating Behaviour Questionnaire. We used correlation analysis, multiple regressions, and LASSO regressions. The final sample included in the multiple regression and LASSO regressions resulted in N = 89. Results Results showed cardiac and gastric interoception to be distinguishable, yet not to be entirely independent processes. Results further suggest gastric and not cardiac interoception to be the most important predictor of emotional, external and restrained eating. Specifically gastric attribution of interoceptive sensations played the most important role in all disordered eating behaviors. Conclusions Our findings highlight the importance of the gastric system in the assessment and targeted treatment of disordered eating behaviors. Future research should consider adding additional interoceptive dimensions.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40337-025-01284-0InteroceptionCardiac interoceptionGastric interoceptionMultidimensionalDisordered eating behaviorEmotional eating
spellingShingle Aline Tiemann
Julie Ortmann
Marius Rubo
Andrea H. Meyer
Simone Munsch
Claus Vögele
Zoé van Dyck
The relevance of cardiac and gastric interoception for disordered eating behavior
Journal of Eating Disorders
Interoception
Cardiac interoception
Gastric interoception
Multidimensional
Disordered eating behavior
Emotional eating
title The relevance of cardiac and gastric interoception for disordered eating behavior
title_full The relevance of cardiac and gastric interoception for disordered eating behavior
title_fullStr The relevance of cardiac and gastric interoception for disordered eating behavior
title_full_unstemmed The relevance of cardiac and gastric interoception for disordered eating behavior
title_short The relevance of cardiac and gastric interoception for disordered eating behavior
title_sort relevance of cardiac and gastric interoception for disordered eating behavior
topic Interoception
Cardiac interoception
Gastric interoception
Multidimensional
Disordered eating behavior
Emotional eating
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s40337-025-01284-0
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