Esterification of Free Fatty Acid in Crude Palm Oil Off Grade
The esterification of free fatty acids (FFA) found in crude palm oil (CPO) off grade with methanol is a promising technique to convert FFA into valuable fatty acid methyl ester (FAME, biodiesel) and obtain a FFA-free oil that can be further transesterified using alkali bases. In this work, the effec...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Universitas Syiah Kuala, Chemical Engineering Department
2009-12-01
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| Series: | Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan |
| Online Access: | https://jurnal.usk.ac.id/RKL/article/view/76 |
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| _version_ | 1849432344010686464 |
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| author | Muhammad Dani Supardan Satriana Satriana |
| author_facet | Muhammad Dani Supardan Satriana Satriana |
| author_sort | Muhammad Dani Supardan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The esterification of free fatty acids (FFA) found in crude palm oil (CPO) off grade with methanol is a promising technique to convert FFA into valuable fatty acid methyl ester (FAME, biodiesel) and obtain a FFA-free oil that can be further transesterified using alkali bases. In this work, the effects of the main variables involved in the esterification process i.e. alcohol to oil molar ratio, reaction temperature, agitation speed and the initial amount of FFA of oil, were studied in the presence of sulphuric acid as catalyst at concentration of 1%-w. The experimental results show that the esterification process could lead to a practical and cost effective FFA removal unit in front of typical oil transesterification for biodiesel production.
Keywords: CPO off grade, esterification, free fatty acid |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-9055c8d0ccde4067921b9c85bd294d6a |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1412-5064 2356-1661 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2009-12-01 |
| publisher | Universitas Syiah Kuala, Chemical Engineering Department |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan |
| spelling | doaj-art-9055c8d0ccde4067921b9c85bd294d6a2025-08-20T03:27:22ZengUniversitas Syiah Kuala, Chemical Engineering DepartmentJurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan1412-50642356-16612009-12-017273Esterification of Free Fatty Acid in Crude Palm Oil Off GradeMuhammad Dani Supardan0Satriana Satriana1Department of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, University of Syiah KualaDepartment of Agriculture Product Technology, University of Syiah KualaThe esterification of free fatty acids (FFA) found in crude palm oil (CPO) off grade with methanol is a promising technique to convert FFA into valuable fatty acid methyl ester (FAME, biodiesel) and obtain a FFA-free oil that can be further transesterified using alkali bases. In this work, the effects of the main variables involved in the esterification process i.e. alcohol to oil molar ratio, reaction temperature, agitation speed and the initial amount of FFA of oil, were studied in the presence of sulphuric acid as catalyst at concentration of 1%-w. The experimental results show that the esterification process could lead to a practical and cost effective FFA removal unit in front of typical oil transesterification for biodiesel production. Keywords: CPO off grade, esterification, free fatty acidhttps://jurnal.usk.ac.id/RKL/article/view/76 |
| spellingShingle | Muhammad Dani Supardan Satriana Satriana Esterification of Free Fatty Acid in Crude Palm Oil Off Grade Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan |
| title | Esterification of Free Fatty Acid in Crude Palm Oil Off Grade |
| title_full | Esterification of Free Fatty Acid in Crude Palm Oil Off Grade |
| title_fullStr | Esterification of Free Fatty Acid in Crude Palm Oil Off Grade |
| title_full_unstemmed | Esterification of Free Fatty Acid in Crude Palm Oil Off Grade |
| title_short | Esterification of Free Fatty Acid in Crude Palm Oil Off Grade |
| title_sort | esterification of free fatty acid in crude palm oil off grade |
| url | https://jurnal.usk.ac.id/RKL/article/view/76 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT muhammaddanisupardan esterificationoffreefattyacidincrudepalmoiloffgrade AT satrianasatriana esterificationoffreefattyacidincrudepalmoiloffgrade |