Pulse-Driven Internal Resistance Dynamics Enable Dual-Function Lithium-Plating Diagnosis and Longevity Enhancement in V2G-Optimized Lithium-Ion Batteries

The lithium-plating phenomenon induced by low-temperature fast charging of lithium-ion batteries severely compromises their performance and safety. However, current lithium-plating detection methods predominantly rely on complex hardware systems with insufficient sensitivity, presenting significant...

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Main Authors: Letong Li, Yanan Wang, Dongliang Guo, Xuebing Han, Hewu Wang, Lei Sun, Minggao Ouyang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Batteries
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/11/5/200
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author Letong Li
Yanan Wang
Dongliang Guo
Xuebing Han
Hewu Wang
Lei Sun
Minggao Ouyang
author_facet Letong Li
Yanan Wang
Dongliang Guo
Xuebing Han
Hewu Wang
Lei Sun
Minggao Ouyang
author_sort Letong Li
collection DOAJ
description The lithium-plating phenomenon induced by low-temperature fast charging of lithium-ion batteries severely compromises their performance and safety. However, current lithium-plating detection methods predominantly rely on complex hardware systems with insufficient sensitivity, presenting significant challenges for implementation in increasingly prevalent Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) scenarios. This study proposes a novel bidirectional pulse-current charging method designed to mitigate lithium plating and retard battery aging through intermittent pulse-current application. Experimental results verify a 30–50% reduction in capacity fade rate under fast charging conditions (≥0.5 C rates). Furthermore, by leveraging pulse-current characteristics, we reveal strong correlations between the evolution patterns of charge/discharge internal resistance and lithium plating. An in situ detection criterion requiring no additional hardware is established: the L-shaped decline of charging internal resistance under high-rate conditions coupled with the disappearance of defined reverse-hump curves in discharge resistance profiles serve as precise indicators of lithium-plating onset. Validation through SEM and relaxation voltage differential analysis confirms 100% detection accuracy. This methodology combines rapid detection capability, non-destructive nature, and compatibility with V2G applications, providing new perspectives for enhancing lithium-ion battery longevity and lithium-plating detection.
format Article
id doaj-art-904f8aa196ab4c1c86cd9f9514c2e038
institution DOAJ
issn 2313-0105
language English
publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher MDPI AG
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series Batteries
spelling doaj-art-904f8aa196ab4c1c86cd9f9514c2e0382025-08-20T03:14:38ZengMDPI AGBatteries2313-01052025-05-0111520010.3390/batteries11050200Pulse-Driven Internal Resistance Dynamics Enable Dual-Function Lithium-Plating Diagnosis and Longevity Enhancement in V2G-Optimized Lithium-Ion BatteriesLetong Li0Yanan Wang1Dongliang Guo2Xuebing Han3Hewu Wang4Lei Sun5Minggao Ouyang6State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Green Vehicle and Mobility, School of Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaSchool of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, ChinaResearch Institute, State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co., Ltd., Nanjing 211103, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Intelligent Green Vehicle and Mobility, School of Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Intelligent Green Vehicle and Mobility, School of Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaResearch Institute, State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co., Ltd., Nanjing 211103, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Intelligent Green Vehicle and Mobility, School of Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaThe lithium-plating phenomenon induced by low-temperature fast charging of lithium-ion batteries severely compromises their performance and safety. However, current lithium-plating detection methods predominantly rely on complex hardware systems with insufficient sensitivity, presenting significant challenges for implementation in increasingly prevalent Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) scenarios. This study proposes a novel bidirectional pulse-current charging method designed to mitigate lithium plating and retard battery aging through intermittent pulse-current application. Experimental results verify a 30–50% reduction in capacity fade rate under fast charging conditions (≥0.5 C rates). Furthermore, by leveraging pulse-current characteristics, we reveal strong correlations between the evolution patterns of charge/discharge internal resistance and lithium plating. An in situ detection criterion requiring no additional hardware is established: the L-shaped decline of charging internal resistance under high-rate conditions coupled with the disappearance of defined reverse-hump curves in discharge resistance profiles serve as precise indicators of lithium-plating onset. Validation through SEM and relaxation voltage differential analysis confirms 100% detection accuracy. This methodology combines rapid detection capability, non-destructive nature, and compatibility with V2G applications, providing new perspectives for enhancing lithium-ion battery longevity and lithium-plating detection.https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/11/5/200lithium-ion batterieslithium platingpulse currentaging phenomenonimpedanceonline detection
spellingShingle Letong Li
Yanan Wang
Dongliang Guo
Xuebing Han
Hewu Wang
Lei Sun
Minggao Ouyang
Pulse-Driven Internal Resistance Dynamics Enable Dual-Function Lithium-Plating Diagnosis and Longevity Enhancement in V2G-Optimized Lithium-Ion Batteries
Batteries
lithium-ion batteries
lithium plating
pulse current
aging phenomenon
impedance
online detection
title Pulse-Driven Internal Resistance Dynamics Enable Dual-Function Lithium-Plating Diagnosis and Longevity Enhancement in V2G-Optimized Lithium-Ion Batteries
title_full Pulse-Driven Internal Resistance Dynamics Enable Dual-Function Lithium-Plating Diagnosis and Longevity Enhancement in V2G-Optimized Lithium-Ion Batteries
title_fullStr Pulse-Driven Internal Resistance Dynamics Enable Dual-Function Lithium-Plating Diagnosis and Longevity Enhancement in V2G-Optimized Lithium-Ion Batteries
title_full_unstemmed Pulse-Driven Internal Resistance Dynamics Enable Dual-Function Lithium-Plating Diagnosis and Longevity Enhancement in V2G-Optimized Lithium-Ion Batteries
title_short Pulse-Driven Internal Resistance Dynamics Enable Dual-Function Lithium-Plating Diagnosis and Longevity Enhancement in V2G-Optimized Lithium-Ion Batteries
title_sort pulse driven internal resistance dynamics enable dual function lithium plating diagnosis and longevity enhancement in v2g optimized lithium ion batteries
topic lithium-ion batteries
lithium plating
pulse current
aging phenomenon
impedance
online detection
url https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/11/5/200
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AT leisun pulsedriveninternalresistancedynamicsenabledualfunctionlithiumplatingdiagnosisandlongevityenhancementinv2goptimizedlithiumionbatteries
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