Immunogenicity of intraperitoneal and intranasal liposome adjuvanted VLP vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infection

Abstract Humans get SARS-CoV-2 infection mainly through inhalation; thus, vaccine that induces protective immunity at the virus entry site is important for early control of the infection. In this study, two anionic liposome (L)-adjuvanted VLP vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 were formulated. Baculovirus-...

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Main Authors: Monrat Chulanetra, Primana Punnakitikashem, Kodchakorn Mahasongkram, Wanpen Chaicumpa, Kantaphon Glab-ampai
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2024-11-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-79122-7
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author Monrat Chulanetra
Primana Punnakitikashem
Kodchakorn Mahasongkram
Wanpen Chaicumpa
Kantaphon Glab-ampai
author_facet Monrat Chulanetra
Primana Punnakitikashem
Kodchakorn Mahasongkram
Wanpen Chaicumpa
Kantaphon Glab-ampai
author_sort Monrat Chulanetra
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Humans get SARS-CoV-2 infection mainly through inhalation; thus, vaccine that induces protective immunity at the virus entry site is important for early control of the infection. In this study, two anionic liposome (L)-adjuvanted VLP vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 were formulated. Baculovirus-Sf21 insect cell system was used for production of VLPs made of full-length S, M and E proteins. S protein of one vaccine (L-SME-VLPs) contained furin cleavage site at the S1/S2 junction, while that of another vaccine (L-S′ME-VLPs) did not. Both vaccines were innocuous and immunogenic when administered IP and IN to mice. Mice immunized IP with L-SME-VLPs/L-S′ME-VLPs (three doses, two-weeks intervals) had serum virus neutralizing (VN) antibodies (in falling order of isotype frequency): IgG3, IgA and IgG2a/IgG3, IgA and IgM, respectively. The L-S′ME VLPs vaccine induced significantly higher serum VN antibody titers than the L-SME-VLPs vaccine. All mice immunized IN with both vaccines had significant rise of VN antibodies in their bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF). The VN antibodies in 67% of immunized mice were Th1- isotypes (IgG2a and/or IgG2b); the immunized mice had also other antibody isotypes in BALF. The intranasal L-S′ME-VLPs should be tested further step-by-step towards the clinical use as effective and safe vaccine against SARS-CoV-2.
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spelling doaj-art-904db75aff65495c8a60a9bbec2c49432025-08-20T02:50:05ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222024-11-0114111810.1038/s41598-024-79122-7Immunogenicity of intraperitoneal and intranasal liposome adjuvanted VLP vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infectionMonrat Chulanetra0Primana Punnakitikashem1Kodchakorn Mahasongkram2Wanpen Chaicumpa3Kantaphon Glab-ampai4Department of Parasitology, Center of Research Excellence in Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol UniversityDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol UniversityDepartment of Parasitology, Center of Research Excellence in Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol UniversityDepartment of Parasitology, Center of Research Excellence in Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol UniversityDepartment of Parasitology, Center of Research Excellence in Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol UniversityAbstract Humans get SARS-CoV-2 infection mainly through inhalation; thus, vaccine that induces protective immunity at the virus entry site is important for early control of the infection. In this study, two anionic liposome (L)-adjuvanted VLP vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 were formulated. Baculovirus-Sf21 insect cell system was used for production of VLPs made of full-length S, M and E proteins. S protein of one vaccine (L-SME-VLPs) contained furin cleavage site at the S1/S2 junction, while that of another vaccine (L-S′ME-VLPs) did not. Both vaccines were innocuous and immunogenic when administered IP and IN to mice. Mice immunized IP with L-SME-VLPs/L-S′ME-VLPs (three doses, two-weeks intervals) had serum virus neutralizing (VN) antibodies (in falling order of isotype frequency): IgG3, IgA and IgG2a/IgG3, IgA and IgM, respectively. The L-S′ME VLPs vaccine induced significantly higher serum VN antibody titers than the L-SME-VLPs vaccine. All mice immunized IN with both vaccines had significant rise of VN antibodies in their bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF). The VN antibodies in 67% of immunized mice were Th1- isotypes (IgG2a and/or IgG2b); the immunized mice had also other antibody isotypes in BALF. The intranasal L-S′ME-VLPs should be tested further step-by-step towards the clinical use as effective and safe vaccine against SARS-CoV-2.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-79122-7Baculovirus-insect cell systemCOVID-19LiposomeSARS-CoV-2Virus-like particlesVLP vaccines
spellingShingle Monrat Chulanetra
Primana Punnakitikashem
Kodchakorn Mahasongkram
Wanpen Chaicumpa
Kantaphon Glab-ampai
Immunogenicity of intraperitoneal and intranasal liposome adjuvanted VLP vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infection
Scientific Reports
Baculovirus-insect cell system
COVID-19
Liposome
SARS-CoV-2
Virus-like particles
VLP vaccines
title Immunogenicity of intraperitoneal and intranasal liposome adjuvanted VLP vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infection
title_full Immunogenicity of intraperitoneal and intranasal liposome adjuvanted VLP vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infection
title_fullStr Immunogenicity of intraperitoneal and intranasal liposome adjuvanted VLP vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infection
title_full_unstemmed Immunogenicity of intraperitoneal and intranasal liposome adjuvanted VLP vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infection
title_short Immunogenicity of intraperitoneal and intranasal liposome adjuvanted VLP vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infection
title_sort immunogenicity of intraperitoneal and intranasal liposome adjuvanted vlp vaccines against sars cov 2 infection
topic Baculovirus-insect cell system
COVID-19
Liposome
SARS-CoV-2
Virus-like particles
VLP vaccines
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-79122-7
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