An Optimally Oriented Coherence Attribute Method and Its Application to Faults and Fracture Sets Detection in Carbonate Reservoirs

Faults and fracture sets in carbonate reservoirs are key geological features that govern hydrocarbon migration, accumulation, and wellbore stability. Their accurate detection is essential for structural interpretation, reservoir modeling, and drilling risk assessment. In this study, we propose an Op...

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Main Authors: Shuai Chen, Shengjun Li, Qi Ma, Lu Qin, Sanyi Yuan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Applied Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/13/7393
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author Shuai Chen
Shengjun Li
Qi Ma
Lu Qin
Sanyi Yuan
author_facet Shuai Chen
Shengjun Li
Qi Ma
Lu Qin
Sanyi Yuan
author_sort Shuai Chen
collection DOAJ
description Faults and fracture sets in carbonate reservoirs are key geological features that govern hydrocarbon migration, accumulation, and wellbore stability. Their accurate detection is essential for structural interpretation, reservoir modeling, and drilling risk assessment. In this study, we propose an Optimally Oriented Coherence Attribute (OOCA) method that integrates geological guidance with multi-frequency structural analysis to achieve enhanced sensitivity to faults and fractures across multiple scales. The method is guided by depositional and tectonic principles, constructing model traces along directions with maximal structural variation to amplify responses at geological boundaries. A distance-weighted computation and extended directional model trace strategy are adopted to further enhance the detection of fine-scale discontinuities, overcoming the limitations of traditional attributes in resolving subtle structural features. A Gabor-based multi-frequency fusion framework is employed to simultaneously preserve large-scale continuity and fine-scale detail. Validation using physical modeling and field seismic data confirms the method’s ability to enhance weak fault imaging. Compared to traditional attributes such as C3 coherence, curvature, and instantaneous phase, OOCA delivers significantly improved spatial resolution. In zones with documented lost circulation, the identified structural features align well with drilling observations, demonstrating strong geological adaptability and engineering relevance. Overall, the OOCA method offers a geologically consistent and computationally efficient solution for high-resolution fault interpretation and drilling risk prediction in structurally complex carbonate reservoirs.
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spelling doaj-art-9044b6c24ffa4929a2373213abc1d2f82025-08-20T02:35:43ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-07-011513739310.3390/app15137393An Optimally Oriented Coherence Attribute Method and Its Application to Faults and Fracture Sets Detection in Carbonate ReservoirsShuai Chen0Shengjun Li1Qi Ma2Lu Qin3Sanyi Yuan4State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, ChinaResearch Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Northwest, Lanzhou 730020, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, ChinaFaults and fracture sets in carbonate reservoirs are key geological features that govern hydrocarbon migration, accumulation, and wellbore stability. Their accurate detection is essential for structural interpretation, reservoir modeling, and drilling risk assessment. In this study, we propose an Optimally Oriented Coherence Attribute (OOCA) method that integrates geological guidance with multi-frequency structural analysis to achieve enhanced sensitivity to faults and fractures across multiple scales. The method is guided by depositional and tectonic principles, constructing model traces along directions with maximal structural variation to amplify responses at geological boundaries. A distance-weighted computation and extended directional model trace strategy are adopted to further enhance the detection of fine-scale discontinuities, overcoming the limitations of traditional attributes in resolving subtle structural features. A Gabor-based multi-frequency fusion framework is employed to simultaneously preserve large-scale continuity and fine-scale detail. Validation using physical modeling and field seismic data confirms the method’s ability to enhance weak fault imaging. Compared to traditional attributes such as C3 coherence, curvature, and instantaneous phase, OOCA delivers significantly improved spatial resolution. In zones with documented lost circulation, the identified structural features align well with drilling observations, demonstrating strong geological adaptability and engineering relevance. Overall, the OOCA method offers a geologically consistent and computationally efficient solution for high-resolution fault interpretation and drilling risk prediction in structurally complex carbonate reservoirs.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/13/7393geological guidancestructural featuresmulti-frequency fusionfracture sets detectioncarbonate reservoirstrike-slip fault
spellingShingle Shuai Chen
Shengjun Li
Qi Ma
Lu Qin
Sanyi Yuan
An Optimally Oriented Coherence Attribute Method and Its Application to Faults and Fracture Sets Detection in Carbonate Reservoirs
Applied Sciences
geological guidance
structural features
multi-frequency fusion
fracture sets detection
carbonate reservoir
strike-slip fault
title An Optimally Oriented Coherence Attribute Method and Its Application to Faults and Fracture Sets Detection in Carbonate Reservoirs
title_full An Optimally Oriented Coherence Attribute Method and Its Application to Faults and Fracture Sets Detection in Carbonate Reservoirs
title_fullStr An Optimally Oriented Coherence Attribute Method and Its Application to Faults and Fracture Sets Detection in Carbonate Reservoirs
title_full_unstemmed An Optimally Oriented Coherence Attribute Method and Its Application to Faults and Fracture Sets Detection in Carbonate Reservoirs
title_short An Optimally Oriented Coherence Attribute Method and Its Application to Faults and Fracture Sets Detection in Carbonate Reservoirs
title_sort optimally oriented coherence attribute method and its application to faults and fracture sets detection in carbonate reservoirs
topic geological guidance
structural features
multi-frequency fusion
fracture sets detection
carbonate reservoir
strike-slip fault
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/13/7393
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