Development and user experience of a three-dimensional object-based virtual reality-simulation tool for dental radiography training: a randomized controlled trial

Abstract Background In dental radiography education, students typically observe instructor demonstrations and practice on mannequins or peers. However, owing to the large student-to-instructor ratio, providing individualized feedback is challenging. Repeated practice is also hindered by radiation ex...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Ji-Eun Im, Ja-Young Gu, Jung-Hee Bae, Jae-Gi Lee
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-03-01
Series:BMC Medical Education
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-024-06623-4
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850028147223822336
author Ji-Eun Im
Ja-Young Gu
Jung-Hee Bae
Jae-Gi Lee
author_facet Ji-Eun Im
Ja-Young Gu
Jung-Hee Bae
Jae-Gi Lee
author_sort Ji-Eun Im
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background In dental radiography education, students typically observe instructor demonstrations and practice on mannequins or peers. However, owing to the large student-to-instructor ratio, providing individualized feedback is challenging. Repeated practice is also hindered by radiation exposure from dental radiography machines. Implementing three-dimensional (3D) object-based virtual reality (VR) simulations can address these concerns. We developed a 3D object-based VR-simulation tool for dental radiography learning (namely, 3DOVR-DR) and evaluated user experiences. Methods For the development of 3DOVR-DR, a virtual dental radiography room was constructed using 3D objects. The intraoral radiography process was divided into 12 steps, and the Unity 3D engine was used to create an interactive VR environment for step-by-step learning. This study was a randomized controlled trial. To evaluate user experience, 79 participants were randomly assigned to a control group (n = 39), which used Google Cardboard for VR, or an experimental group (n = 40), which used 3DOVR-DR, to evaluate the user experience. A survey questionnaire of 22 items was administered to all participants. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics and Mann–Whitney U test. Results The 3DOVR-DR tool provided an immersive experience for simulating and learning the dental radiography process within a VR setting. Users performed step-by-step tasks related to dental radiography in the virtual space, adjusting and repeating the entire process or specific steps as needed for their learning. Users received guidance and practiced dental radiography using 3DOVR-DR. User-experience ratings were significantly higher in the experimental group (4.35±0.47) compared to the control group (3.63±0.66; P < 0.001). Conclusions The 3DOVR-DR tool shows potential as a learning medium for intraoral radiography education. Further analysis is needed to examine the impact and mediating effects of the 3D object-based VR experience on dental radiographic practice. Future research should include pedagogical analysis to evaluate the educational effectiveness of this learning tool.
format Article
id doaj-art-9036e4e6862942cd985dfbf97cb3bcb9
institution DOAJ
issn 1472-6920
language English
publishDate 2025-03-01
publisher BMC
record_format Article
series BMC Medical Education
spelling doaj-art-9036e4e6862942cd985dfbf97cb3bcb92025-08-20T02:59:54ZengBMCBMC Medical Education1472-69202025-03-0125111210.1186/s12909-024-06623-4Development and user experience of a three-dimensional object-based virtual reality-simulation tool for dental radiography training: a randomized controlled trialJi-Eun Im0Ja-Young Gu1Jung-Hee Bae2Jae-Gi Lee3Department of Dental Hygiene, Graduate School of Namseoul UniversityDepartment of Dental Hygiene, Sahmyook Health UniversityDepartment of Dental Hygiene, College of Health and Health Care, Namseoul UniversityDepartment of Dental Hygiene, College of Health and Health Care, Namseoul UniversityAbstract Background In dental radiography education, students typically observe instructor demonstrations and practice on mannequins or peers. However, owing to the large student-to-instructor ratio, providing individualized feedback is challenging. Repeated practice is also hindered by radiation exposure from dental radiography machines. Implementing three-dimensional (3D) object-based virtual reality (VR) simulations can address these concerns. We developed a 3D object-based VR-simulation tool for dental radiography learning (namely, 3DOVR-DR) and evaluated user experiences. Methods For the development of 3DOVR-DR, a virtual dental radiography room was constructed using 3D objects. The intraoral radiography process was divided into 12 steps, and the Unity 3D engine was used to create an interactive VR environment for step-by-step learning. This study was a randomized controlled trial. To evaluate user experience, 79 participants were randomly assigned to a control group (n = 39), which used Google Cardboard for VR, or an experimental group (n = 40), which used 3DOVR-DR, to evaluate the user experience. A survey questionnaire of 22 items was administered to all participants. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics and Mann–Whitney U test. Results The 3DOVR-DR tool provided an immersive experience for simulating and learning the dental radiography process within a VR setting. Users performed step-by-step tasks related to dental radiography in the virtual space, adjusting and repeating the entire process or specific steps as needed for their learning. Users received guidance and practiced dental radiography using 3DOVR-DR. User-experience ratings were significantly higher in the experimental group (4.35±0.47) compared to the control group (3.63±0.66; P < 0.001). Conclusions The 3DOVR-DR tool shows potential as a learning medium for intraoral radiography education. Further analysis is needed to examine the impact and mediating effects of the 3D object-based VR experience on dental radiographic practice. Future research should include pedagogical analysis to evaluate the educational effectiveness of this learning tool.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-024-06623-4Clinical competenceDental educationDental radiographyStudentsVirtual reality
spellingShingle Ji-Eun Im
Ja-Young Gu
Jung-Hee Bae
Jae-Gi Lee
Development and user experience of a three-dimensional object-based virtual reality-simulation tool for dental radiography training: a randomized controlled trial
BMC Medical Education
Clinical competence
Dental education
Dental radiography
Students
Virtual reality
title Development and user experience of a three-dimensional object-based virtual reality-simulation tool for dental radiography training: a randomized controlled trial
title_full Development and user experience of a three-dimensional object-based virtual reality-simulation tool for dental radiography training: a randomized controlled trial
title_fullStr Development and user experience of a three-dimensional object-based virtual reality-simulation tool for dental radiography training: a randomized controlled trial
title_full_unstemmed Development and user experience of a three-dimensional object-based virtual reality-simulation tool for dental radiography training: a randomized controlled trial
title_short Development and user experience of a three-dimensional object-based virtual reality-simulation tool for dental radiography training: a randomized controlled trial
title_sort development and user experience of a three dimensional object based virtual reality simulation tool for dental radiography training a randomized controlled trial
topic Clinical competence
Dental education
Dental radiography
Students
Virtual reality
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-024-06623-4
work_keys_str_mv AT jieunim developmentanduserexperienceofathreedimensionalobjectbasedvirtualrealitysimulationtoolfordentalradiographytrainingarandomizedcontrolledtrial
AT jayounggu developmentanduserexperienceofathreedimensionalobjectbasedvirtualrealitysimulationtoolfordentalradiographytrainingarandomizedcontrolledtrial
AT jungheebae developmentanduserexperienceofathreedimensionalobjectbasedvirtualrealitysimulationtoolfordentalradiographytrainingarandomizedcontrolledtrial
AT jaegilee developmentanduserexperienceofathreedimensionalobjectbasedvirtualrealitysimulationtoolfordentalradiographytrainingarandomizedcontrolledtrial