The development of social attention in orangutans: Comparing peering behavior in wild and zoo-housed individuals

Summary: Social learning plays an essential role in all cultural processes, but the factors underlying its evolution remain poorly understood. To understand how socio-ecological conditions affect social learning, we compared peering behavior (i.e., close-range observation of conspecifics’ activities...

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Main Authors: Paulina Kukofka, Richard Young, Julia A. Kunz, Lara Nellissen, Shauhin E. Alavi, Tri Rahmaeti, Fitriah Basalamah, Daniel B.M. Haun, Caroline Schuppli
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-01-01
Series:iScience
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S258900422402769X
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author Paulina Kukofka
Richard Young
Julia A. Kunz
Lara Nellissen
Shauhin E. Alavi
Tri Rahmaeti
Fitriah Basalamah
Daniel B.M. Haun
Caroline Schuppli
author_facet Paulina Kukofka
Richard Young
Julia A. Kunz
Lara Nellissen
Shauhin E. Alavi
Tri Rahmaeti
Fitriah Basalamah
Daniel B.M. Haun
Caroline Schuppli
author_sort Paulina Kukofka
collection DOAJ
description Summary: Social learning plays an essential role in all cultural processes, but the factors underlying its evolution remain poorly understood. To understand how socio-ecological conditions affect social learning, we compared peering behavior (i.e., close-range observation of conspecifics’ activities) in wild and zoo-housed Sumatran orangutans. Using long-term data describing over 3,000 peering events (performed by 65 individuals across settings), we found similar age trajectories of peering in both settings. Moreover, immatures universally preferred to peer at older individuals and in learning-intense contexts. However, zoo-housed immatures peered more frequently, and more at non-mother individuals than their wild conspecifics, even when social opportunities were controlled for. Therefore, although similarities across settings suggest that the tendency to attend to social information has hard-wired components, the differences indicate that it is also influenced by social opportunities and the necessity to learn. Our comparative approach thus provides evidence that socio-ecological factors and genetic predispositions underlie the dynamics and evolution of culture.
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spelling doaj-art-901f3616022d4bc8a6736d21018403ac2025-08-20T02:39:38ZengElsevieriScience2589-00422025-01-0128111154210.1016/j.isci.2024.111542The development of social attention in orangutans: Comparing peering behavior in wild and zoo-housed individualsPaulina Kukofka0Richard Young1Julia A. Kunz2Lara Nellissen3Shauhin E. Alavi4Tri Rahmaeti5Fitriah Basalamah6Daniel B.M. Haun7Caroline Schuppli8Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10 78464 Konstanz, Germany; Development and Evolution of Cognition Research Group, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Bücklestraße 5 78467 Konstanz, Germany; Corresponding authorDevelopment and Evolution of Cognition Research Group, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Bücklestraße 5 78467 Konstanz, GermanyDepartment of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstraße 190 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Evolutionary Biology of Montpellier (ISEM), University of Montpellier, Campus Triolet 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, FranceDepartment of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstraße 190 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Éco-Anthropologie et Ethnobiologie, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France; Institute of Biology, Department of Comparative Cognition, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11 2000 Neuchatel, SwitzerlandDepartment of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10 78464 Konstanz, Germany; Department for the Ecology of Animal Societies, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Bücklestraße 5 78467 Konstanz, GermanyFakultas Biologi, Universitas Nasional, Jalan Sawo Manila, RT.14/RW.3, Jakarta 12550, IndonesiaFakultas Biologi, Universitas Nasional, Jalan Sawo Manila, RT.14/RW.3, Jakarta 12550, IndonesiaDepartment of Comparative Cultural Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6 04103 Leipzig, GermanyDevelopment and Evolution of Cognition Research Group, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Bücklestraße 5 78467 Konstanz, Germany; Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstraße 190 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Comparative Cultural Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6 04103 Leipzig, GermanySummary: Social learning plays an essential role in all cultural processes, but the factors underlying its evolution remain poorly understood. To understand how socio-ecological conditions affect social learning, we compared peering behavior (i.e., close-range observation of conspecifics’ activities) in wild and zoo-housed Sumatran orangutans. Using long-term data describing over 3,000 peering events (performed by 65 individuals across settings), we found similar age trajectories of peering in both settings. Moreover, immatures universally preferred to peer at older individuals and in learning-intense contexts. However, zoo-housed immatures peered more frequently, and more at non-mother individuals than their wild conspecifics, even when social opportunities were controlled for. Therefore, although similarities across settings suggest that the tendency to attend to social information has hard-wired components, the differences indicate that it is also influenced by social opportunities and the necessity to learn. Our comparative approach thus provides evidence that socio-ecological factors and genetic predispositions underlie the dynamics and evolution of culture.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S258900422402769XWildlife behaviorZoo animal behaviorEvolutionary biology
spellingShingle Paulina Kukofka
Richard Young
Julia A. Kunz
Lara Nellissen
Shauhin E. Alavi
Tri Rahmaeti
Fitriah Basalamah
Daniel B.M. Haun
Caroline Schuppli
The development of social attention in orangutans: Comparing peering behavior in wild and zoo-housed individuals
iScience
Wildlife behavior
Zoo animal behavior
Evolutionary biology
title The development of social attention in orangutans: Comparing peering behavior in wild and zoo-housed individuals
title_full The development of social attention in orangutans: Comparing peering behavior in wild and zoo-housed individuals
title_fullStr The development of social attention in orangutans: Comparing peering behavior in wild and zoo-housed individuals
title_full_unstemmed The development of social attention in orangutans: Comparing peering behavior in wild and zoo-housed individuals
title_short The development of social attention in orangutans: Comparing peering behavior in wild and zoo-housed individuals
title_sort development of social attention in orangutans comparing peering behavior in wild and zoo housed individuals
topic Wildlife behavior
Zoo animal behavior
Evolutionary biology
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S258900422402769X
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