Characterization of <i>Enterobacter cloacae</i> and <i>Citrobacter freundii</i> Species Complex Isolates with Decreased Susceptibility to Cephalosporins from United States Hospitals and Activity of Aztreonam–Avibactam and Comparator Agents (2019–2023)
Background: <i>Citrobacter freundii</i> (CFC) and <i>Enterobacter cloacae</i> (ECLC) species complexes represent important causes of hospital-associated infections, frequently are related to outbreaks, and have a great ability to develop antimicrobial resistance. We evaluated...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-04-01
|
| Series: | Antibiotics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/14/4/382 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| Summary: | Background: <i>Citrobacter freundii</i> (CFC) and <i>Enterobacter cloacae</i> (ECLC) species complexes represent important causes of hospital-associated infections, frequently are related to outbreaks, and have a great ability to develop antimicrobial resistance. We evaluated a large collection of CFC and ECLC isolates with decreased susceptibility to broad-spectrum cephalosporins (Ceph-DS) from United States (US) hospitals. Methods: A total of 43,325 Enterobacterales (1/patient) were collected in 2019–2023 and susceptibility tested by broth microdilution; among those, 5106 (11.8%) were CFC (<i>n</i> = 1374) or ECLC (<i>n</i> = 3732). Ceph-DS CFC (<i>n</i> = 379) and ECLC isolates (<i>n</i> = 1065), defined as isolates with ceftazidime MICs ≥ 16 mg/L and/or cefepime MICs ≥ 2 mg/L, were screened for β-lactamase genes by whole genome sequencing. Results: The most common ESBLs were CTX-M type (<i>n</i> = 98; 47.6% of ESBL producers), SHV type (<i>n</i> = 94; 45.6%), and OXA type (<i>n</i> = 78; 37.9%); ≥2 ESBLs were identified in 65 isolates (31.6%), mainly OXA-1/30 plus a CTX-M. A carbapenemase was identified in 55 of 64 (85.9%) carbapenem-resistant (CB-R) isolates, including KPC type (40 isolates; 62.5% of CB-R) and NDM-1 (16; 23.4% of CB-R). Aztreonam–avibactam was active against 99.6% of Ceph-DS and 100.0% of ESBL producers and CB-R isolates, including NDM producers. Ceftazidime–avibactam and meropenem–vaborbactam were active against 100.0% of ESBL producers (excluding carbapenemase co-producers) and 70.3–71.9% of CB-R isolates. Cefiderocol was active against 82.8% of CB-R isolates but only 46.7% of MBL producers. Conclusions: Aztreonam–avibactam was highly active against cephalosporin-nonsusceptible ECLC and CFC, including MBL producers. The activities of ceftazidime–avibactam, meropenem–vaborbactam, and cefiderocol were compromised against CB-R isolates due to the high frequency of NDM producers. |
|---|---|
| ISSN: | 2079-6382 |