Prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis B and C in Bahawalpur: a hospital-based study

Abstract Hepatitis causes inflammation of the liver. The World Health Organization set a goal to eliminate viral hepatitis by 2030 due to an increase in the number of deaths from liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B and C am...

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Main Authors: K. Raziq, S. Q. A. Shah, M. Tariq, S. Badshah, U. Riaz, E. Ibáñez-Arancibia, Patricio R. De los Ríos-Escalante, M. M. Jalees, F. Badshah
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Instituto Internacional de Ecologia 2025-03-01
Series:Brazilian Journal of Biology
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Online Access:http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1519-69842025000100141&lng=en&tlng=en
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author K. Raziq
S. Q. A. Shah
M. Tariq
S. Badshah
U. Riaz
E. Ibáñez-Arancibia
Patricio R. De los Ríos-Escalante
M. M. Jalees
F. Badshah
F. Badshah
author_facet K. Raziq
S. Q. A. Shah
M. Tariq
S. Badshah
U. Riaz
E. Ibáñez-Arancibia
Patricio R. De los Ríos-Escalante
M. M. Jalees
F. Badshah
F. Badshah
author_sort K. Raziq
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Hepatitis causes inflammation of the liver. The World Health Organization set a goal to eliminate viral hepatitis by 2030 due to an increase in the number of deaths from liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B and C among the general population of Bahawalpur, along with various recognized risk factors. Samples were collected from December 2021 to May 2022. In total, 263 blood samples were collected from the patients who visited Bahawalpur Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur Pakistan. A rapid diagnostic test (ICT) was used to diagnose Hepatitis B surface antigen and anti-HCV, followed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 22. In total, 263 samples were tested; 5.3% (14/263) tested positive for HBV, 25.4% (67/263) tested positive for HCV, and 0.76% (2/263) were co-infected. The study found a significant association between illiteracy 24% (63/263) and literacy 7.6% (20/263) (P = 0.001), age (31-40 years) 11% (29/263) (P = 0.027), hospitalization 38% (100/263) versus non-hospitalization 62% (163/263) (P = 0.008), and patients who had received any dental treatment 20.9% (55/263) versus those who had not 79.1% (208/263) (P = 0.057). According to the study, people who frequently visited hospitals received no medical care and were unaware of the causes of disease transmission, made them more susceptible to infection. The study will help formulate policies and adopt precautionary measures to control the increasing incidence of hepatitis B and C in Pakistan.
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spelling doaj-art-9006aa568cf94188a9df45d44966eec22025-08-20T02:26:00ZengInstituto Internacional de EcologiaBrazilian Journal of Biology1678-43752025-03-018510.1590/1519-6984.288357Prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis B and C in Bahawalpur: a hospital-based studyK. Raziqhttps://orcid.org/0009-0009-3439-0661S. Q. A. Shahhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8010-3146M. Tariqhttps://orcid.org/0009-0002-5608-789XS. Badshahhttps://orcid.org/0009-0009-9543-2087U. Riazhttps://orcid.org/0009-0009-8829-4237E. Ibáñez-Arancibiahttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7174-3694Patricio R. De los Ríos-Escalantehttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5056-7003M. M. Jaleeshttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0087-2725F. Badshahhttps://orcid.org/0009-0008-2511-0085F. Badshahhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6971-0957Abstract Hepatitis causes inflammation of the liver. The World Health Organization set a goal to eliminate viral hepatitis by 2030 due to an increase in the number of deaths from liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B and C among the general population of Bahawalpur, along with various recognized risk factors. Samples were collected from December 2021 to May 2022. In total, 263 blood samples were collected from the patients who visited Bahawalpur Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur Pakistan. A rapid diagnostic test (ICT) was used to diagnose Hepatitis B surface antigen and anti-HCV, followed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 22. In total, 263 samples were tested; 5.3% (14/263) tested positive for HBV, 25.4% (67/263) tested positive for HCV, and 0.76% (2/263) were co-infected. The study found a significant association between illiteracy 24% (63/263) and literacy 7.6% (20/263) (P = 0.001), age (31-40 years) 11% (29/263) (P = 0.027), hospitalization 38% (100/263) versus non-hospitalization 62% (163/263) (P = 0.008), and patients who had received any dental treatment 20.9% (55/263) versus those who had not 79.1% (208/263) (P = 0.057). According to the study, people who frequently visited hospitals received no medical care and were unaware of the causes of disease transmission, made them more susceptible to infection. The study will help formulate policies and adopt precautionary measures to control the increasing incidence of hepatitis B and C in Pakistan.http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1519-69842025000100141&lng=en&tlng=enprevalencehepatitis Bhepatitis Cco-infectionrisk factors
spellingShingle K. Raziq
S. Q. A. Shah
M. Tariq
S. Badshah
U. Riaz
E. Ibáñez-Arancibia
Patricio R. De los Ríos-Escalante
M. M. Jalees
F. Badshah
F. Badshah
Prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis B and C in Bahawalpur: a hospital-based study
Brazilian Journal of Biology
prevalence
hepatitis B
hepatitis C
co-infection
risk factors
title Prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis B and C in Bahawalpur: a hospital-based study
title_full Prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis B and C in Bahawalpur: a hospital-based study
title_fullStr Prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis B and C in Bahawalpur: a hospital-based study
title_full_unstemmed Prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis B and C in Bahawalpur: a hospital-based study
title_short Prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis B and C in Bahawalpur: a hospital-based study
title_sort prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis b and c in bahawalpur a hospital based study
topic prevalence
hepatitis B
hepatitis C
co-infection
risk factors
url http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1519-69842025000100141&lng=en&tlng=en
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