Role of gut microbiota in neuroinflammation: a focus on perioperative neurocognitive disorders

Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND), including postoperative delirium, preoperatively cognitive impairment, postoperative cognitive dysfunction, and delayed neurocognitive recovery, represent common complications following anesthesia and surgery, especially in the elderly. As the global pop...

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Main Authors: Qun Zhou, Tuo Chen, Xiaoying Wang, Zhongnan Xu, Yue Song, Shan Liu, Yali Ge, Ju Gao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2025.1582909/full
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author Qun Zhou
Tuo Chen
Tuo Chen
Xiaoying Wang
Zhongnan Xu
Yue Song
Shan Liu
Yali Ge
Ju Gao
author_facet Qun Zhou
Tuo Chen
Tuo Chen
Xiaoying Wang
Zhongnan Xu
Yue Song
Shan Liu
Yali Ge
Ju Gao
author_sort Qun Zhou
collection DOAJ
description Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND), including postoperative delirium, preoperatively cognitive impairment, postoperative cognitive dysfunction, and delayed neurocognitive recovery, represent common complications following anesthesia and surgery, especially in the elderly. As the global population ages, PND is receiving increasing attention due to its prolonged the hospitalization, reduced quality of life and elevated mortality rate. A growing body of evidence has been suggested that the gut-brain axis, a communication system between the gut microbiota and the neuroinflammation, plays a critical role in the development and progression of cognitive impairment. Perioperative interventions, including anesthesia, surgical stress, result in gut microbiota dysbiosis and subsequently trigger neuroinflammation. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the underlying mechanistic associations between the gut microbiota and the neuroinflammation during PND progression. In this review, we synthesize current knowledge on the mechanistic interplay between gut microbiota dysbiosis and neuroinflammation in PND pathogenesis, which provide reasonable and novel therapeutic approaches targeting the gut-brain axis for PND.
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publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format Article
series Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
spelling doaj-art-8ffa485908024bd0aff0851788689cb72025-08-20T03:50:12ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology2235-29882025-07-011510.3389/fcimb.2025.15829091582909Role of gut microbiota in neuroinflammation: a focus on perioperative neurocognitive disordersQun Zhou0Tuo Chen1Tuo Chen2Xiaoying Wang3Zhongnan Xu4Yue Song5Shan Liu6Yali Ge7Ju Gao8Department of Anesthesiology, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University/Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, ChinaDepartment of Anesthesiology, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University/Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, ChinaDepartment of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, ChinaDepartment of Anesthesiology, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University/Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, ChinaDepartment of Anesthesiology, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University/Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, ChinaDepartment of Anesthesiology, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University/Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, ChinaDepartment of Anesthesiology, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University/Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, ChinaDepartment of Anesthesiology, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University/Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, ChinaDepartment of Anesthesiology, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University/Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, ChinaPerioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND), including postoperative delirium, preoperatively cognitive impairment, postoperative cognitive dysfunction, and delayed neurocognitive recovery, represent common complications following anesthesia and surgery, especially in the elderly. As the global population ages, PND is receiving increasing attention due to its prolonged the hospitalization, reduced quality of life and elevated mortality rate. A growing body of evidence has been suggested that the gut-brain axis, a communication system between the gut microbiota and the neuroinflammation, plays a critical role in the development and progression of cognitive impairment. Perioperative interventions, including anesthesia, surgical stress, result in gut microbiota dysbiosis and subsequently trigger neuroinflammation. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the underlying mechanistic associations between the gut microbiota and the neuroinflammation during PND progression. In this review, we synthesize current knowledge on the mechanistic interplay between gut microbiota dysbiosis and neuroinflammation in PND pathogenesis, which provide reasonable and novel therapeutic approaches targeting the gut-brain axis for PND.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2025.1582909/fullperioperative neurocognitive disordersgut microbiotaneuroinflammationeldergut-brain axis
spellingShingle Qun Zhou
Tuo Chen
Tuo Chen
Xiaoying Wang
Zhongnan Xu
Yue Song
Shan Liu
Yali Ge
Ju Gao
Role of gut microbiota in neuroinflammation: a focus on perioperative neurocognitive disorders
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
perioperative neurocognitive disorders
gut microbiota
neuroinflammation
elder
gut-brain axis
title Role of gut microbiota in neuroinflammation: a focus on perioperative neurocognitive disorders
title_full Role of gut microbiota in neuroinflammation: a focus on perioperative neurocognitive disorders
title_fullStr Role of gut microbiota in neuroinflammation: a focus on perioperative neurocognitive disorders
title_full_unstemmed Role of gut microbiota in neuroinflammation: a focus on perioperative neurocognitive disorders
title_short Role of gut microbiota in neuroinflammation: a focus on perioperative neurocognitive disorders
title_sort role of gut microbiota in neuroinflammation a focus on perioperative neurocognitive disorders
topic perioperative neurocognitive disorders
gut microbiota
neuroinflammation
elder
gut-brain axis
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2025.1582909/full
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