Functional brain activity in persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD) during galvanic vestibular stimulation reveals sensitization in the multisensory vestibular cortical network

Abstract Persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD) is often preceded by vestibular disorders. We applied galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) and related stimulus-evoked activity to individual ratings of perceived motion for each stimulus and to perceived egomotion thresholds by GVS and behav...

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Main Authors: Renana Storm, Viktoria Wrobel, Antonia Frings, Andreas Sprenger, Christoph Helmchen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-11529-2
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author Renana Storm
Viktoria Wrobel
Antonia Frings
Andreas Sprenger
Christoph Helmchen
author_facet Renana Storm
Viktoria Wrobel
Antonia Frings
Andreas Sprenger
Christoph Helmchen
author_sort Renana Storm
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD) is often preceded by vestibular disorders. We applied galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) and related stimulus-evoked activity to individual ratings of perceived motion for each stimulus and to perceived egomotion thresholds by GVS and behavioural parameters outside the scanner: levels of functional disability by standardized questionnaires, visual motion coherence, passive egomotion perception by chair rotation and quantitative postural stability. We hypothesized that the preceding vestibular disorder predisposes to abnormal brain excitability by vestibular stimulation. All participants showed normal vestibular function tests on quantitative testing. GVS with different intensities was applied to 28 patients and 28 age- and gender-matched healthy participants (HC) in the scanner. After each stimulus, participants rated their perceived level of egomotion. GVS perception threshold was significantly lower in PPPD patients. Contrasting stimulus-identical GVS against a sham stimulus, group comparison revealed a stronger activation in the patient’s supramarginal gyrus, insular cortex (operculum 3), and vermis. This stronger excitability was not related to the individual threshold of perceived egomotion by GVS. Patients rated GVS-evoked egomotion intensity by identical GVS intensities larger than HC but neural activity did not correlate with individual ratings of perceived egomotion by GVS. As GVS evoked larger egomotion and larger brain activation in patients, the ratio of brain activity to egomotion perception was not different between groups. GVS-evoked insular activity increased with the level of PPPD-related disability and postural imbalance. The larger activation in multisensory cortical vestibular network indicates a sensitization to vestibular stimuli eliciting egomotion perception which increases with levels of PPPD disability. It seems to reflect a sensory-neural amplification rather than an abnormal sensory-perceptual scaling.
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spelling doaj-art-8ff782ced3174b4da4ff30614ddeff012025-08-20T03:04:31ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111110.1038/s41598-025-11529-2Functional brain activity in persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD) during galvanic vestibular stimulation reveals sensitization in the multisensory vestibular cortical networkRenana Storm0Viktoria Wrobel1Antonia Frings2Andreas Sprenger3Christoph Helmchen4Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-HolsteinDepartment of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-HolsteinDepartment of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-HolsteinDepartment of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-HolsteinDepartment of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-HolsteinAbstract Persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD) is often preceded by vestibular disorders. We applied galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) and related stimulus-evoked activity to individual ratings of perceived motion for each stimulus and to perceived egomotion thresholds by GVS and behavioural parameters outside the scanner: levels of functional disability by standardized questionnaires, visual motion coherence, passive egomotion perception by chair rotation and quantitative postural stability. We hypothesized that the preceding vestibular disorder predisposes to abnormal brain excitability by vestibular stimulation. All participants showed normal vestibular function tests on quantitative testing. GVS with different intensities was applied to 28 patients and 28 age- and gender-matched healthy participants (HC) in the scanner. After each stimulus, participants rated their perceived level of egomotion. GVS perception threshold was significantly lower in PPPD patients. Contrasting stimulus-identical GVS against a sham stimulus, group comparison revealed a stronger activation in the patient’s supramarginal gyrus, insular cortex (operculum 3), and vermis. This stronger excitability was not related to the individual threshold of perceived egomotion by GVS. Patients rated GVS-evoked egomotion intensity by identical GVS intensities larger than HC but neural activity did not correlate with individual ratings of perceived egomotion by GVS. As GVS evoked larger egomotion and larger brain activation in patients, the ratio of brain activity to egomotion perception was not different between groups. GVS-evoked insular activity increased with the level of PPPD-related disability and postural imbalance. The larger activation in multisensory cortical vestibular network indicates a sensitization to vestibular stimuli eliciting egomotion perception which increases with levels of PPPD disability. It seems to reflect a sensory-neural amplification rather than an abnormal sensory-perceptual scaling.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-11529-2Vestibular perceptionPPPDGVSfMRIPersistent postural-perceptual dizziness
spellingShingle Renana Storm
Viktoria Wrobel
Antonia Frings
Andreas Sprenger
Christoph Helmchen
Functional brain activity in persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD) during galvanic vestibular stimulation reveals sensitization in the multisensory vestibular cortical network
Scientific Reports
Vestibular perception
PPPD
GVS
fMRI
Persistent postural-perceptual dizziness
title Functional brain activity in persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD) during galvanic vestibular stimulation reveals sensitization in the multisensory vestibular cortical network
title_full Functional brain activity in persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD) during galvanic vestibular stimulation reveals sensitization in the multisensory vestibular cortical network
title_fullStr Functional brain activity in persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD) during galvanic vestibular stimulation reveals sensitization in the multisensory vestibular cortical network
title_full_unstemmed Functional brain activity in persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD) during galvanic vestibular stimulation reveals sensitization in the multisensory vestibular cortical network
title_short Functional brain activity in persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD) during galvanic vestibular stimulation reveals sensitization in the multisensory vestibular cortical network
title_sort functional brain activity in persistent postural perceptual dizziness pppd during galvanic vestibular stimulation reveals sensitization in the multisensory vestibular cortical network
topic Vestibular perception
PPPD
GVS
fMRI
Persistent postural-perceptual dizziness
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-11529-2
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