In Silico Simulation of Porous Geometry-Guided Diffusion for Drug-Coated Tissue Engineering Scaffold Design
Recent research works have shown the effect of nutrient concentration on cell activity, such as proliferation and differentiation. In 3D cell culture, the impact of scaffold geometry, including pore size, strut diameter, and pore shape, on the concentration gradient within scaffolds under two differ...
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MDPI AG
2025-04-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2674-1172/4/2/8 |
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| author | Eyad Awad Matthew Bedding-Tyrrell Alberto Coccarelli Feihu Zhao |
| author_facet | Eyad Awad Matthew Bedding-Tyrrell Alberto Coccarelli Feihu Zhao |
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| description | Recent research works have shown the effect of nutrient concentration on cell activity, such as proliferation and differentiation. In 3D cell culture, the impact of scaffold geometry, including pore size, strut diameter, and pore shape, on the concentration gradient within scaffolds under two different loading conditions—constant fluid perfusion and non-fluid perfusion—in a perfusion bioreactor is investigated by developing an in silico model of scaffolds. In this study, both triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) (with gyroid struts) and non-TPMS (with cubic and spherical pores) scaffolds were investigated. Two types of criteria are applied to the scaffolds: static and perfusion culture conditions. In a static environment, the scaffold in a perfusion bioreactor is loaded with a fluid velocity of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi><mo>/</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, whereas in a dynamic environment, perfusion flow with a velocity of 1 mm/s is applied. The results of in silico simulation indicate that the concentration gradient within the scaffold is significantly influenced by pore size, strut diameter, pore shape, and fluid flow, which in turn affects the diffusion rate during drug delivery. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8feb5ae0e7ec4c5da9114cd0fccac810 |
| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| spelling | doaj-art-8feb5ae0e7ec4c5da9114cd0fccac8102025-08-20T03:29:45ZengMDPI AGOrganoids2674-11722025-04-0142810.3390/organoids4020008In Silico Simulation of Porous Geometry-Guided Diffusion for Drug-Coated Tissue Engineering Scaffold DesignEyad Awad0Matthew Bedding-Tyrrell1Alberto Coccarelli2Feihu Zhao3Department of Mechanical Engineering, Zienkiewicz Institute for Modelling, Data & AI, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, UKDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Zienkiewicz Institute for Modelling, Data & AI, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, UKDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Zienkiewicz Institute for Modelling, Data & AI, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, UKDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Zienkiewicz Institute for Modelling, Data & AI, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, UKRecent research works have shown the effect of nutrient concentration on cell activity, such as proliferation and differentiation. In 3D cell culture, the impact of scaffold geometry, including pore size, strut diameter, and pore shape, on the concentration gradient within scaffolds under two different loading conditions—constant fluid perfusion and non-fluid perfusion—in a perfusion bioreactor is investigated by developing an in silico model of scaffolds. In this study, both triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) (with gyroid struts) and non-TPMS (with cubic and spherical pores) scaffolds were investigated. Two types of criteria are applied to the scaffolds: static and perfusion culture conditions. In a static environment, the scaffold in a perfusion bioreactor is loaded with a fluid velocity of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi><mo>/</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, whereas in a dynamic environment, perfusion flow with a velocity of 1 mm/s is applied. The results of in silico simulation indicate that the concentration gradient within the scaffold is significantly influenced by pore size, strut diameter, pore shape, and fluid flow, which in turn affects the diffusion rate during drug delivery.https://www.mdpi.com/2674-1172/4/2/8tissue engineeringdrug-coated scaffolddiffusion–convection simulationperfusion bioreactor |
| spellingShingle | Eyad Awad Matthew Bedding-Tyrrell Alberto Coccarelli Feihu Zhao In Silico Simulation of Porous Geometry-Guided Diffusion for Drug-Coated Tissue Engineering Scaffold Design Organoids tissue engineering drug-coated scaffold diffusion–convection simulation perfusion bioreactor |
| title | In Silico Simulation of Porous Geometry-Guided Diffusion for Drug-Coated Tissue Engineering Scaffold Design |
| title_full | In Silico Simulation of Porous Geometry-Guided Diffusion for Drug-Coated Tissue Engineering Scaffold Design |
| title_fullStr | In Silico Simulation of Porous Geometry-Guided Diffusion for Drug-Coated Tissue Engineering Scaffold Design |
| title_full_unstemmed | In Silico Simulation of Porous Geometry-Guided Diffusion for Drug-Coated Tissue Engineering Scaffold Design |
| title_short | In Silico Simulation of Porous Geometry-Guided Diffusion for Drug-Coated Tissue Engineering Scaffold Design |
| title_sort | in silico simulation of porous geometry guided diffusion for drug coated tissue engineering scaffold design |
| topic | tissue engineering drug-coated scaffold diffusion–convection simulation perfusion bioreactor |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2674-1172/4/2/8 |
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