Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors and Shock State

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors that are related to retinoid, steroid, and thyroid hormone receptors. Three isotypes of PPARs have been identified: alpha, beta/delta, and gamma, enco...

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Main Authors: Emanuela Esposito, Salvatore Cuzzocrea, Rosaria Meli
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2006-01-01
Series:The Scientific World Journal
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2006.298
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author Emanuela Esposito
Salvatore Cuzzocrea
Rosaria Meli
author_facet Emanuela Esposito
Salvatore Cuzzocrea
Rosaria Meli
author_sort Emanuela Esposito
collection DOAJ
description Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors that are related to retinoid, steroid, and thyroid hormone receptors. Three isotypes of PPARs have been identified: alpha, beta/delta, and gamma, encoded by different genes and distributed in various tissues. PPARs are implicated in the control of inflammatory responses and in energy homeostasis and, thus, can be defined as metabolic and anti-inflammatory transcription factors. They exert anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the induction of proinflammatory cytokines, adhesion molecules, and extracellular matrix proteins, or by stimulating the production of anti-inflammatory molecules. Moreover, PPARs modulate the proliferation, differentiation, and survival of immune cells. This review presents the current state of knowledge regarding the involvement of PPARs in the control of inflammatory response, and their potential therapeutic applications in several types of shock, as well as hemorrhagic, septic, and nonseptic shock.
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spelling doaj-art-8fe98285c168466cb8db25d3e703df432025-08-20T03:37:05ZengWileyThe Scientific World Journal1537-744X2006-01-0161770178210.1100/tsw.2006.298Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors and Shock StateEmanuela Esposito0Salvatore Cuzzocrea1Rosaria Meli2Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, ItalyIRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Messina, ItalyDepartment of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, ItalyPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors that are related to retinoid, steroid, and thyroid hormone receptors. Three isotypes of PPARs have been identified: alpha, beta/delta, and gamma, encoded by different genes and distributed in various tissues. PPARs are implicated in the control of inflammatory responses and in energy homeostasis and, thus, can be defined as metabolic and anti-inflammatory transcription factors. They exert anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the induction of proinflammatory cytokines, adhesion molecules, and extracellular matrix proteins, or by stimulating the production of anti-inflammatory molecules. Moreover, PPARs modulate the proliferation, differentiation, and survival of immune cells. This review presents the current state of knowledge regarding the involvement of PPARs in the control of inflammatory response, and their potential therapeutic applications in several types of shock, as well as hemorrhagic, septic, and nonseptic shock.http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2006.298
spellingShingle Emanuela Esposito
Salvatore Cuzzocrea
Rosaria Meli
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors and Shock State
The Scientific World Journal
title Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors and Shock State
title_full Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors and Shock State
title_fullStr Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors and Shock State
title_full_unstemmed Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors and Shock State
title_short Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors and Shock State
title_sort peroxisome proliferator activated receptors and shock state
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2006.298
work_keys_str_mv AT emanuelaesposito peroxisomeproliferatoractivatedreceptorsandshockstate
AT salvatorecuzzocrea peroxisomeproliferatoractivatedreceptorsandshockstate
AT rosariameli peroxisomeproliferatoractivatedreceptorsandshockstate