A mixed method approach to validating barriers to safety incentives implementation in the Nigerian construction industry

The position of safety incentives in the construction industry emerged from the demands to align employees with organisational performance-related goals, improve workplace safety practices, and share risk between clients and contractors. This study identifies and validates barriers to safety incenti...

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Main Authors: Kunle Elizah Ogundipe, Clinton Ohis Aigbavboa, Babatunde Fatai Ogunbayo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-05-01
Series:Frontiers in Built Environment
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2025.1456893/full
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author Kunle Elizah Ogundipe
Clinton Ohis Aigbavboa
Babatunde Fatai Ogunbayo
Babatunde Fatai Ogunbayo
author_facet Kunle Elizah Ogundipe
Clinton Ohis Aigbavboa
Babatunde Fatai Ogunbayo
Babatunde Fatai Ogunbayo
author_sort Kunle Elizah Ogundipe
collection DOAJ
description The position of safety incentives in the construction industry emerged from the demands to align employees with organisational performance-related goals, improve workplace safety practices, and share risk between clients and contractors. This study identifies and validates barriers to safety incentives implementation in the construction industry using an exploratory sequential mixed-methods design. The study addresses this critical gap by delving into construction firms’ challenges in implementing safety incentives. Twenty-three of thirty-two identified barriers to implementing safety incentives from the literature review were validated through a Delphi survey using expert panellists’ opinions. This is followed by obtaining quantitative data from construction professionals (architects, builders, engineers, and quantity surveyors) using a structured questionnaire in Lagos, Nigeria, through a simple random sampling technique. Descriptive and exploratory factor analysis was conducted on the retrieved data and Cronbach’s alpha test to determine data reliability and interrelatedness. The twenty-three validated barriers to safety incentives implementation in the construction industry were clustered into six factors: discrepancies in the incentive rewards process, lack of incentive budget planning, conflicting incentive performance indicators, absence of a national safety incentive policy, construction firms’ governance systems, and lack of automation in the incentive implementation process. The practical implication of this study is to provide a better understanding of national safety policy, key performance indicators, and scheme selection approaches supporting the implementation of safety incentives. The study provides actionable recommendations for construction stakeholders, government agencies, professional institutions, safety managers, and policymakers to prioritise incentive budget planning, incentive reward approaches, automation processes, and key performance indicators to improve safety incentive implementation. The study concluded by calling on construction stakeholders’ commitment to developing safety incentives and performance goals that will not conflict with health and safety practices or create workplace tension among workers.
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spelling doaj-art-8fbc491d3b2149538c3f504becb48cfa2025-08-20T01:49:20ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Built Environment2297-33622025-05-011110.3389/fbuil.2025.14568931456893A mixed method approach to validating barriers to safety incentives implementation in the Nigerian construction industryKunle Elizah Ogundipe0Clinton Ohis Aigbavboa1Babatunde Fatai Ogunbayo2Babatunde Fatai Ogunbayo3cidb Centre of Excellence and Sustainable Human Settlement and Construction Research Centre, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africacidb Centre of Excellence and Sustainable Human Settlement and Construction Research Centre, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africacidb Centre of Excellence and Sustainable Human Settlement and Construction Research Centre, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South AfricaDepartment of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, William V.S. Tubman University, Harper, LiberiaThe position of safety incentives in the construction industry emerged from the demands to align employees with organisational performance-related goals, improve workplace safety practices, and share risk between clients and contractors. This study identifies and validates barriers to safety incentives implementation in the construction industry using an exploratory sequential mixed-methods design. The study addresses this critical gap by delving into construction firms’ challenges in implementing safety incentives. Twenty-three of thirty-two identified barriers to implementing safety incentives from the literature review were validated through a Delphi survey using expert panellists’ opinions. This is followed by obtaining quantitative data from construction professionals (architects, builders, engineers, and quantity surveyors) using a structured questionnaire in Lagos, Nigeria, through a simple random sampling technique. Descriptive and exploratory factor analysis was conducted on the retrieved data and Cronbach’s alpha test to determine data reliability and interrelatedness. The twenty-three validated barriers to safety incentives implementation in the construction industry were clustered into six factors: discrepancies in the incentive rewards process, lack of incentive budget planning, conflicting incentive performance indicators, absence of a national safety incentive policy, construction firms’ governance systems, and lack of automation in the incentive implementation process. The practical implication of this study is to provide a better understanding of national safety policy, key performance indicators, and scheme selection approaches supporting the implementation of safety incentives. The study provides actionable recommendations for construction stakeholders, government agencies, professional institutions, safety managers, and policymakers to prioritise incentive budget planning, incentive reward approaches, automation processes, and key performance indicators to improve safety incentive implementation. The study concluded by calling on construction stakeholders’ commitment to developing safety incentives and performance goals that will not conflict with health and safety practices or create workplace tension among workers.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2025.1456893/fullbarriersconstruction firmshealth and safetysafety incentivesmixed methodNigeria
spellingShingle Kunle Elizah Ogundipe
Clinton Ohis Aigbavboa
Babatunde Fatai Ogunbayo
Babatunde Fatai Ogunbayo
A mixed method approach to validating barriers to safety incentives implementation in the Nigerian construction industry
Frontiers in Built Environment
barriers
construction firms
health and safety
safety incentives
mixed method
Nigeria
title A mixed method approach to validating barriers to safety incentives implementation in the Nigerian construction industry
title_full A mixed method approach to validating barriers to safety incentives implementation in the Nigerian construction industry
title_fullStr A mixed method approach to validating barriers to safety incentives implementation in the Nigerian construction industry
title_full_unstemmed A mixed method approach to validating barriers to safety incentives implementation in the Nigerian construction industry
title_short A mixed method approach to validating barriers to safety incentives implementation in the Nigerian construction industry
title_sort mixed method approach to validating barriers to safety incentives implementation in the nigerian construction industry
topic barriers
construction firms
health and safety
safety incentives
mixed method
Nigeria
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2025.1456893/full
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