Discrete-Modulated Coherent-State Quantum Key Distribution with Basis-Encoding

Discrete-modulated coherent-state continuous-variable quantum key distribution (DMCS-CVQKD) is of great value for its simple implementation. However, the traditional DMCS-CVQKD scheme cannot tolerate the high channel excess noise and channel loss, compared to the Gaussian-modulated scheme, and its e...

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Main Authors: Mingxuan Guo, Peng Huang, Le Huang, Xiaojuan Liao, Xueqin Jiang, Tao Wang, Guihua Zeng
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) 2025-01-01
Series:Research
Online Access:https://spj.science.org/doi/10.34133/research.0691
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author Mingxuan Guo
Peng Huang
Le Huang
Xiaojuan Liao
Xueqin Jiang
Tao Wang
Guihua Zeng
author_facet Mingxuan Guo
Peng Huang
Le Huang
Xiaojuan Liao
Xueqin Jiang
Tao Wang
Guihua Zeng
author_sort Mingxuan Guo
collection DOAJ
description Discrete-modulated coherent-state continuous-variable quantum key distribution (DMCS-CVQKD) is of great value for its simple implementation. However, the traditional DMCS-CVQKD scheme cannot tolerate the high channel excess noise and channel loss, compared to the Gaussian-modulated scheme, and its error correction is still difficult. In this paper, we propose a discrete-modulated coherent-state basis-encoding quantum key distribution (DMCS-BE-QKD) protocol, where the secret keys are encoded in the random choice of 2 measurement bases, i.e., the conjugate quadratures X and P of discrete-modulated coherent states, and it only needs simple binary sequence error correction. We analyze the secret key rate of DMCS-BE-QKD protocol under individual and collective attacks in the linear Gaussian channel. The results show that DMCS-BE-QKD can greatly enhance the ability to tolerate the channel loss and excess noise compared to the original DMCS-CVQKD protocol, which can tolerate approximately 40 dB more channel loss compared to the original DMCS-CVQKD for the realistic value of noise. Finally, a proof-of-principle experiment is conducted under a 50.5-km optical fiber to verify the feasibility of DMCS-BE-QKD. It is based on the consistent physical procedures of the traditional DMCS-CVQKD, which makes it perfectly compatible to deployed terminals and can serve as a multiplier for the practical secure quantum cryptography communication in harsh environments.
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publishDate 2025-01-01
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spelling doaj-art-8fb88e52508f4b5c98ca271d66d9d9ab2025-08-20T03:49:27ZengAmerican Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)Research2639-52742025-01-01810.34133/research.0691Discrete-Modulated Coherent-State Quantum Key Distribution with Basis-EncodingMingxuan Guo0Peng Huang1Le Huang2Xiaojuan Liao3Xueqin Jiang4Tao Wang5Guihua Zeng6State Key Laboratory of Photonics and Communications, Institute for Quantum Sensing and Information Processing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.State Key Laboratory of Photonics and Communications, Institute for Quantum Sensing and Information Processing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.State Key Laboratory of Photonics and Communications, Institute for Quantum Sensing and Information Processing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.State Key Laboratory of Photonics and Communications, Institute for Quantum Sensing and Information Processing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China.State Key Laboratory of Photonics and Communications, Institute for Quantum Sensing and Information Processing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.State Key Laboratory of Photonics and Communications, Institute for Quantum Sensing and Information Processing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.Discrete-modulated coherent-state continuous-variable quantum key distribution (DMCS-CVQKD) is of great value for its simple implementation. However, the traditional DMCS-CVQKD scheme cannot tolerate the high channel excess noise and channel loss, compared to the Gaussian-modulated scheme, and its error correction is still difficult. In this paper, we propose a discrete-modulated coherent-state basis-encoding quantum key distribution (DMCS-BE-QKD) protocol, where the secret keys are encoded in the random choice of 2 measurement bases, i.e., the conjugate quadratures X and P of discrete-modulated coherent states, and it only needs simple binary sequence error correction. We analyze the secret key rate of DMCS-BE-QKD protocol under individual and collective attacks in the linear Gaussian channel. The results show that DMCS-BE-QKD can greatly enhance the ability to tolerate the channel loss and excess noise compared to the original DMCS-CVQKD protocol, which can tolerate approximately 40 dB more channel loss compared to the original DMCS-CVQKD for the realistic value of noise. Finally, a proof-of-principle experiment is conducted under a 50.5-km optical fiber to verify the feasibility of DMCS-BE-QKD. It is based on the consistent physical procedures of the traditional DMCS-CVQKD, which makes it perfectly compatible to deployed terminals and can serve as a multiplier for the practical secure quantum cryptography communication in harsh environments.https://spj.science.org/doi/10.34133/research.0691
spellingShingle Mingxuan Guo
Peng Huang
Le Huang
Xiaojuan Liao
Xueqin Jiang
Tao Wang
Guihua Zeng
Discrete-Modulated Coherent-State Quantum Key Distribution with Basis-Encoding
Research
title Discrete-Modulated Coherent-State Quantum Key Distribution with Basis-Encoding
title_full Discrete-Modulated Coherent-State Quantum Key Distribution with Basis-Encoding
title_fullStr Discrete-Modulated Coherent-State Quantum Key Distribution with Basis-Encoding
title_full_unstemmed Discrete-Modulated Coherent-State Quantum Key Distribution with Basis-Encoding
title_short Discrete-Modulated Coherent-State Quantum Key Distribution with Basis-Encoding
title_sort discrete modulated coherent state quantum key distribution with basis encoding
url https://spj.science.org/doi/10.34133/research.0691
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AT xiaojuanliao discretemodulatedcoherentstatequantumkeydistributionwithbasisencoding
AT xueqinjiang discretemodulatedcoherentstatequantumkeydistributionwithbasisencoding
AT taowang discretemodulatedcoherentstatequantumkeydistributionwithbasisencoding
AT guihuazeng discretemodulatedcoherentstatequantumkeydistributionwithbasisencoding