A Kinetic Model for Oxide–Carbonitride Inclusion Heterogeneous Nucleation and Precipitation during Superalloy Solidification

Complex oxide–carbonitrides (MgO-Ti(CN), Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-Ti(CN), and MgO·Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-Ti(CN)) are the most common non-metallic inclusions presented in cast and wrought superalloys. In this work, a coupled kinetics model was p...

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Main Authors: Peng Zhao, Shulei Yang, Yu Gu, Wei Liu, Shufeng Yang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-10-01
Series:Metals
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/14/10/1150
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author Peng Zhao
Shulei Yang
Yu Gu
Wei Liu
Shufeng Yang
author_facet Peng Zhao
Shulei Yang
Yu Gu
Wei Liu
Shufeng Yang
author_sort Peng Zhao
collection DOAJ
description Complex oxide–carbonitrides (MgO-Ti(CN), Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-Ti(CN), and MgO·Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-Ti(CN)) are the most common non-metallic inclusions presented in cast and wrought superalloys. In this work, a coupled kinetics model was proposed to predict the complex oxide–carbonitride inclusion’s precipitation behavior during the solidification of superalloys. This model takes into account thermodynamics, micro-segregation, heterogeneous nucleation in the inter-dendritic liquid, and growth controlled by the diffusion of solute elements and kinetics of interfacial reaction. The results demonstrated that both the cooling rate and nitrogen content take significant effects on the final size of complex oxide–carbonitride inclusions, as the former controls the total growth time and the latter determines the initial precipitation temperature. In comparison, the particle size of primary oxides shows a negligible impact on the final size of complex inclusions. The practice of an industrial vacuum arc remelting confirmed that the inclusion size variation predicted by the present model is reasonably consistent with the experimental results.
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spelling doaj-art-8faea71f631444388c2517be70b3539b2025-08-20T02:11:15ZengMDPI AGMetals2075-47012024-10-011410115010.3390/met14101150A Kinetic Model for Oxide–Carbonitride Inclusion Heterogeneous Nucleation and Precipitation during Superalloy SolidificationPeng Zhao0Shulei Yang1Yu Gu2Wei Liu3Shufeng Yang4School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, ChinaSchool of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, ChinaSchool of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, ChinaSchool of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, ChinaSchool of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, ChinaComplex oxide–carbonitrides (MgO-Ti(CN), Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-Ti(CN), and MgO·Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-Ti(CN)) are the most common non-metallic inclusions presented in cast and wrought superalloys. In this work, a coupled kinetics model was proposed to predict the complex oxide–carbonitride inclusion’s precipitation behavior during the solidification of superalloys. This model takes into account thermodynamics, micro-segregation, heterogeneous nucleation in the inter-dendritic liquid, and growth controlled by the diffusion of solute elements and kinetics of interfacial reaction. The results demonstrated that both the cooling rate and nitrogen content take significant effects on the final size of complex oxide–carbonitride inclusions, as the former controls the total growth time and the latter determines the initial precipitation temperature. In comparison, the particle size of primary oxides shows a negligible impact on the final size of complex inclusions. The practice of an industrial vacuum arc remelting confirmed that the inclusion size variation predicted by the present model is reasonably consistent with the experimental results.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/14/10/1150non-metallic inclusionnucleation and growthkinetics modelsuperalloy
spellingShingle Peng Zhao
Shulei Yang
Yu Gu
Wei Liu
Shufeng Yang
A Kinetic Model for Oxide–Carbonitride Inclusion Heterogeneous Nucleation and Precipitation during Superalloy Solidification
Metals
non-metallic inclusion
nucleation and growth
kinetics model
superalloy
title A Kinetic Model for Oxide–Carbonitride Inclusion Heterogeneous Nucleation and Precipitation during Superalloy Solidification
title_full A Kinetic Model for Oxide–Carbonitride Inclusion Heterogeneous Nucleation and Precipitation during Superalloy Solidification
title_fullStr A Kinetic Model for Oxide–Carbonitride Inclusion Heterogeneous Nucleation and Precipitation during Superalloy Solidification
title_full_unstemmed A Kinetic Model for Oxide–Carbonitride Inclusion Heterogeneous Nucleation and Precipitation during Superalloy Solidification
title_short A Kinetic Model for Oxide–Carbonitride Inclusion Heterogeneous Nucleation and Precipitation during Superalloy Solidification
title_sort kinetic model for oxide carbonitride inclusion heterogeneous nucleation and precipitation during superalloy solidification
topic non-metallic inclusion
nucleation and growth
kinetics model
superalloy
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/14/10/1150
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