Comparing robot-assisted vs. laparoscopic proctectomy for rectal cancer surgical and oncological outcomes

BackgroundRobotic-assisted proctectomy (RAP) is increasingly used for rectal cancer, but its long-term benefits over laparoscopic proctectomy (LP) remain debated. While RAP offers technical advantages, its clinical equivalence requires further validation, particularly in anatomically challenging cas...

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Main Authors: Wenpeng Wang, Jia Liu, Jiefu Wang, Jinghao Huang, Junfeng Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-08-01
Series:Frontiers in Surgery
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsurg.2025.1628649/full
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author Wenpeng Wang
Jia Liu
Jiefu Wang
Jinghao Huang
Junfeng Wang
author_facet Wenpeng Wang
Jia Liu
Jiefu Wang
Jinghao Huang
Junfeng Wang
author_sort Wenpeng Wang
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundRobotic-assisted proctectomy (RAP) is increasingly used for rectal cancer, but its long-term benefits over laparoscopic proctectomy (LP) remain debated. While RAP offers technical advantages, its clinical equivalence requires further validation, particularly in anatomically challenging cases.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of all eligible patients who underwent RAP or LP for rectal cancer at Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital between 2019 and 2024.ResultsIn the overall cohort, RAP demonstrated significantly longer operative times (246.69 vs. 174.53 min, p < 0.001), greater blood loss (109.77 vs. 57.58 ml, p < 0.001), and higher costs (117,030.88 vs. 81,054.16 yuan, p < 0.001) compared to LP, with only a marginally shorter postoperative stay (8.47 vs. 8.64 days, p < 0.05). In terms of postoperative complications, RAP showed a trend towards fewer overall Clavien-Dindo Grade ≥ III complications (1.2% vs. 6.6%) compared to LP, although this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.064). There were no significant differences in disease-free survival (DFS) (p = 0.575) or overall survival (OS) (p = 0.619) between the two groups. For the subgroup analysis of rectal cancers ≤ 5 cm from the anus, RAP achieved superior surgical precision, with 100% negative circumferential resection margin (CRM) (vs. 87.1% in LP, p = 0.042) and 100% complete mesorectal integrity (vs. 83.9% in LP, p = 0.053), alongside faster functional recovery (time to first flatus: 3.47 vs. 3.90 days, p = 0.034; time to urination: 2.10 vs. 2.65 days, p = 0.007). Recurrence rates were lower with RAP (10% vs. 19.4%), though survival outcomes remained similar between RAP and LP (p = 0.253)ConclusionWhile RAP incurs longer operative times and higher costs, it demonstrates superior precision in anatomically complex cases, evidenced by improved CRM status and mesorectal preservation. Although survival outcomes remain comparable, RAP's advantages in functional recovery and potential recurrence reduction warrant further investigation.
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spelling doaj-art-8faa4e397a6f42f09776e68255b666312025-08-20T03:36:34ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Surgery2296-875X2025-08-011210.3389/fsurg.2025.16286491628649Comparing robot-assisted vs. laparoscopic proctectomy for rectal cancer surgical and oncological outcomesWenpeng Wang0Jia Liu1Jiefu Wang2Jinghao Huang3Junfeng Wang4Department of Colorectal Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer, Tianjin, ChinaDepartment of Colorectal Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer, Tianjin, ChinaDepartment of Colorectal Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer, Tianjin, ChinaDivision of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology; The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University), Shenzhen, ChinaDepartment of Colorectal Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer, Tianjin, ChinaBackgroundRobotic-assisted proctectomy (RAP) is increasingly used for rectal cancer, but its long-term benefits over laparoscopic proctectomy (LP) remain debated. While RAP offers technical advantages, its clinical equivalence requires further validation, particularly in anatomically challenging cases.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of all eligible patients who underwent RAP or LP for rectal cancer at Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital between 2019 and 2024.ResultsIn the overall cohort, RAP demonstrated significantly longer operative times (246.69 vs. 174.53 min, p < 0.001), greater blood loss (109.77 vs. 57.58 ml, p < 0.001), and higher costs (117,030.88 vs. 81,054.16 yuan, p < 0.001) compared to LP, with only a marginally shorter postoperative stay (8.47 vs. 8.64 days, p < 0.05). In terms of postoperative complications, RAP showed a trend towards fewer overall Clavien-Dindo Grade ≥ III complications (1.2% vs. 6.6%) compared to LP, although this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.064). There were no significant differences in disease-free survival (DFS) (p = 0.575) or overall survival (OS) (p = 0.619) between the two groups. For the subgroup analysis of rectal cancers ≤ 5 cm from the anus, RAP achieved superior surgical precision, with 100% negative circumferential resection margin (CRM) (vs. 87.1% in LP, p = 0.042) and 100% complete mesorectal integrity (vs. 83.9% in LP, p = 0.053), alongside faster functional recovery (time to first flatus: 3.47 vs. 3.90 days, p = 0.034; time to urination: 2.10 vs. 2.65 days, p = 0.007). Recurrence rates were lower with RAP (10% vs. 19.4%), though survival outcomes remained similar between RAP and LP (p = 0.253)ConclusionWhile RAP incurs longer operative times and higher costs, it demonstrates superior precision in anatomically complex cases, evidenced by improved CRM status and mesorectal preservation. Although survival outcomes remain comparable, RAP's advantages in functional recovery and potential recurrence reduction warrant further investigation.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsurg.2025.1628649/fulllaparoscopyproctectomyrectal neoplasmsrobotic surgical proceduressurvival analysis
spellingShingle Wenpeng Wang
Jia Liu
Jiefu Wang
Jinghao Huang
Junfeng Wang
Comparing robot-assisted vs. laparoscopic proctectomy for rectal cancer surgical and oncological outcomes
Frontiers in Surgery
laparoscopy
proctectomy
rectal neoplasms
robotic surgical procedures
survival analysis
title Comparing robot-assisted vs. laparoscopic proctectomy for rectal cancer surgical and oncological outcomes
title_full Comparing robot-assisted vs. laparoscopic proctectomy for rectal cancer surgical and oncological outcomes
title_fullStr Comparing robot-assisted vs. laparoscopic proctectomy for rectal cancer surgical and oncological outcomes
title_full_unstemmed Comparing robot-assisted vs. laparoscopic proctectomy for rectal cancer surgical and oncological outcomes
title_short Comparing robot-assisted vs. laparoscopic proctectomy for rectal cancer surgical and oncological outcomes
title_sort comparing robot assisted vs laparoscopic proctectomy for rectal cancer surgical and oncological outcomes
topic laparoscopy
proctectomy
rectal neoplasms
robotic surgical procedures
survival analysis
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsurg.2025.1628649/full
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