Filamentation of hCTPS1 with CTP

Abstract CTP synthase (CTPS) is a key enzyme in de novo CTP synthesis, playing a critical role in nucleotide metabolism and cellular proliferation. Human CTPS1 (hCTPS1), one of the two CTPS isoforms, is essential for immune responses and is highly expressed in proliferating cells, making it a promis...

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Main Authors: Chen-Jun Guo, Xiaojie Bao, Ji-Long Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:Cell & Bioscience
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13578-025-01450-6
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author Chen-Jun Guo
Xiaojie Bao
Ji-Long Liu
author_facet Chen-Jun Guo
Xiaojie Bao
Ji-Long Liu
author_sort Chen-Jun Guo
collection DOAJ
description Abstract CTP synthase (CTPS) is a key enzyme in de novo CTP synthesis, playing a critical role in nucleotide metabolism and cellular proliferation. Human CTPS1 (hCTPS1), one of the two CTPS isoforms, is essential for immune responses and is highly expressed in proliferating cells, making it a promising therapeutic target for immune-related diseases and cancer. Despite its importance, the regulatory mechanisms governing hCTPS1 activity remain poorly understood. Here, we reveal that CTP, the product of CTPS, acts as a key regulator for hCTPS1 filamentation. Using cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), we resolve the high-resolution structure of CTP-bound hCTPS1 filaments, uncovering the molecular details of CTP binding and its role in filament assembly. Importantly, we demonstrate that CTP generated from the enzymatic reaction does not trigger filament disassembly, suggesting a conserved regulatory pattern. Furthermore, by analyzing the binding modes of two distinct CTP-binding pockets, we provide evidence that this filamentation mechanism is evolutionarily conserved across species, particularly in eukaryotic CTPS. Our findings not only elucidate a novel regulatory mechanism of hCTPS1 activity but also deepen the understanding of how metabolic enzymes utilize filamentation as a conserved strategy for functional regulation. This study opens new avenues for targeting hCTPS1 in therapeutic interventions.
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spelling doaj-art-8fa27a07356949d2a0b8b6ff70a18a272025-08-20T03:42:07ZengBMCCell & Bioscience2045-37012025-07-0115111010.1186/s13578-025-01450-6Filamentation of hCTPS1 with CTPChen-Jun Guo0Xiaojie Bao1Ji-Long Liu2School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech UniversitySchool of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech UniversitySchool of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech UniversityAbstract CTP synthase (CTPS) is a key enzyme in de novo CTP synthesis, playing a critical role in nucleotide metabolism and cellular proliferation. Human CTPS1 (hCTPS1), one of the two CTPS isoforms, is essential for immune responses and is highly expressed in proliferating cells, making it a promising therapeutic target for immune-related diseases and cancer. Despite its importance, the regulatory mechanisms governing hCTPS1 activity remain poorly understood. Here, we reveal that CTP, the product of CTPS, acts as a key regulator for hCTPS1 filamentation. Using cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), we resolve the high-resolution structure of CTP-bound hCTPS1 filaments, uncovering the molecular details of CTP binding and its role in filament assembly. Importantly, we demonstrate that CTP generated from the enzymatic reaction does not trigger filament disassembly, suggesting a conserved regulatory pattern. Furthermore, by analyzing the binding modes of two distinct CTP-binding pockets, we provide evidence that this filamentation mechanism is evolutionarily conserved across species, particularly in eukaryotic CTPS. Our findings not only elucidate a novel regulatory mechanism of hCTPS1 activity but also deepen the understanding of how metabolic enzymes utilize filamentation as a conserved strategy for functional regulation. This study opens new avenues for targeting hCTPS1 in therapeutic interventions.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13578-025-01450-6CTP synthaseCytoophidiumMetabolic filamentCryo-EMProduct feedback regulation
spellingShingle Chen-Jun Guo
Xiaojie Bao
Ji-Long Liu
Filamentation of hCTPS1 with CTP
Cell & Bioscience
CTP synthase
Cytoophidium
Metabolic filament
Cryo-EM
Product feedback regulation
title Filamentation of hCTPS1 with CTP
title_full Filamentation of hCTPS1 with CTP
title_fullStr Filamentation of hCTPS1 with CTP
title_full_unstemmed Filamentation of hCTPS1 with CTP
title_short Filamentation of hCTPS1 with CTP
title_sort filamentation of hctps1 with ctp
topic CTP synthase
Cytoophidium
Metabolic filament
Cryo-EM
Product feedback regulation
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13578-025-01450-6
work_keys_str_mv AT chenjunguo filamentationofhctps1withctp
AT xiaojiebao filamentationofhctps1withctp
AT jilongliu filamentationofhctps1withctp