Animal Models to Study the Mutational Landscape for Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Cancers
Objectives: Cancer is likely caused by alterations in gene structure or expression. Recently, next generation sequencing has documented mutations in 106 head and neck squamous cell cancer genomes, suggesting several new candidate genes. However, it remains difficult to determine which mutations dir...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Faculty of Odontology
2013-01-01
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| Series: | eJournal of Oral Maxillofacial Research |
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| Online Access: | http://www.ejomr.org/JOMR/archives/2013/1/e1/v4n1e1ht.htm |
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| author | Michael T. Spiotto Matthew Pytynia Gene-Fu F. Liu Mark C. Ranck Ryan Widau |
| author_facet | Michael T. Spiotto Matthew Pytynia Gene-Fu F. Liu Mark C. Ranck Ryan Widau |
| author_sort | Michael T. Spiotto |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objectives: Cancer is likely caused by alterations in gene structure or expression. Recently, next generation sequencing has documented mutations in 106 head and neck squamous cell cancer genomes, suggesting several new candidate genes. However, it remains difficult to determine which mutations directly contributed to cancer. Here, summarize the animal models which have already validated and may test cancer causing mutations identified by next generation sequencing approaches. Material and Methods: We reviewed the existing literature on genetically engineered mouse models and next generation sequencing (NGS), as it relates to animal models of squamous cell cancers of the head and neck (HNSCC) in PubMed. Results: NSG has identified an average of 19 to 130 distinct mutations per HNSCC specimen. While many mutations likely had biological significance, it remains unclear which mutations were essential to, or “drive,” carcinogenesis. In contrast, “passenger” mutations also exist that provide no selection advantage. The genes identified by NGS included p53, RAS, Human Papillomavirus oncogenes, as well as novel genes such as Notch1, Dicer and SYNE1,2. Animal models of HNSCC have already validated some of these common gene mutations identified by NGS. Conclusions: The advent of next generation sequencing will provide new leads to the genetic changes occurring in squamous cell cancers of the head and neck. Animal models will enable us to validate these new leads in order to better elucidate the biology of squamous cell cancers of the head and neck. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8fa2635e59dc4df88cbaa1f8971fec65 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2029-283X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2013-01-01 |
| publisher | Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Faculty of Odontology |
| record_format | Article |
| series | eJournal of Oral Maxillofacial Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-8fa2635e59dc4df88cbaa1f8971fec652025-08-20T02:52:09ZengLithuanian University of Health Sciences, Faculty of OdontologyeJournal of Oral Maxillofacial Research2029-283X2013-01-0141e110.5037/jomr.2013.4101Animal Models to Study the Mutational Landscape for Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal CancersMichael T. SpiottoMatthew PytyniaGene-Fu F. LiuMark C. RanckRyan WidauObjectives: Cancer is likely caused by alterations in gene structure or expression. Recently, next generation sequencing has documented mutations in 106 head and neck squamous cell cancer genomes, suggesting several new candidate genes. However, it remains difficult to determine which mutations directly contributed to cancer. Here, summarize the animal models which have already validated and may test cancer causing mutations identified by next generation sequencing approaches. Material and Methods: We reviewed the existing literature on genetically engineered mouse models and next generation sequencing (NGS), as it relates to animal models of squamous cell cancers of the head and neck (HNSCC) in PubMed. Results: NSG has identified an average of 19 to 130 distinct mutations per HNSCC specimen. While many mutations likely had biological significance, it remains unclear which mutations were essential to, or “drive,” carcinogenesis. In contrast, “passenger” mutations also exist that provide no selection advantage. The genes identified by NGS included p53, RAS, Human Papillomavirus oncogenes, as well as novel genes such as Notch1, Dicer and SYNE1,2. Animal models of HNSCC have already validated some of these common gene mutations identified by NGS. Conclusions: The advent of next generation sequencing will provide new leads to the genetic changes occurring in squamous cell cancers of the head and neck. Animal models will enable us to validate these new leads in order to better elucidate the biology of squamous cell cancers of the head and neck.http://www.ejomr.org/JOMR/archives/2013/1/e1/v4n1e1ht.htmhead and neck neoplasmspainpostoperativeanalgesicsopioidpain measurementsystematic review. |
| spellingShingle | Michael T. Spiotto Matthew Pytynia Gene-Fu F. Liu Mark C. Ranck Ryan Widau Animal Models to Study the Mutational Landscape for Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Cancers eJournal of Oral Maxillofacial Research head and neck neoplasms pain postoperative analgesics opioid pain measurement systematic review. |
| title | Animal Models to Study the Mutational Landscape for Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Cancers |
| title_full | Animal Models to Study the Mutational Landscape for Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Cancers |
| title_fullStr | Animal Models to Study the Mutational Landscape for Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Cancers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Animal Models to Study the Mutational Landscape for Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Cancers |
| title_short | Animal Models to Study the Mutational Landscape for Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Cancers |
| title_sort | animal models to study the mutational landscape for oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers |
| topic | head and neck neoplasms pain postoperative analgesics opioid pain measurement systematic review. |
| url | http://www.ejomr.org/JOMR/archives/2013/1/e1/v4n1e1ht.htm |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT michaeltspiotto animalmodelstostudythemutationallandscapefororalcavityandoropharyngealcancers AT matthewpytynia animalmodelstostudythemutationallandscapefororalcavityandoropharyngealcancers AT genefufliu animalmodelstostudythemutationallandscapefororalcavityandoropharyngealcancers AT markcranck animalmodelstostudythemutationallandscapefororalcavityandoropharyngealcancers AT ryanwidau animalmodelstostudythemutationallandscapefororalcavityandoropharyngealcancers |