Therapeutic vaccination with the Ag85B-Rv2660c-MPT70 fusion protein enhances Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra clearance in post-exposure mice

Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), affecting nearly one-quarter of the global population, represents a major barrier to Tuberculosis (TB) eradication and a paradigm of chronic infectious disease. Current chemotherapeutic regimens for TB, although effective, are limited by drug resistance, toxicit...

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Main Authors: Zhiming Hu, Shaohua Guo, Wenlong Chen, Jiangshan Ouyang, Chunxu Huang, Ting Cao, Jun Mou, Xinxia Gu, Jie Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-08-01
Series:Frontiers in Immunology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1624923/full
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author Zhiming Hu
Shaohua Guo
Wenlong Chen
Jiangshan Ouyang
Chunxu Huang
Ting Cao
Jun Mou
Xinxia Gu
Jie Liu
Jie Liu
author_facet Zhiming Hu
Shaohua Guo
Wenlong Chen
Jiangshan Ouyang
Chunxu Huang
Ting Cao
Jun Mou
Xinxia Gu
Jie Liu
Jie Liu
author_sort Zhiming Hu
collection DOAJ
description Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), affecting nearly one-quarter of the global population, represents a major barrier to Tuberculosis (TB) eradication and a paradigm of chronic infectious disease. Current chemotherapeutic regimens for TB, although effective, are limited by drug resistance, toxicity, and poor adherence, underscoring the urgent need for alternative strategies. In this study, we investigated ARM—a recombinant fusion protein comprising Ag85B, Rv2660c, and MPT70—as a therapeutic vaccine in a murine model of post-exposure Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. ARM immunization elicited robust CD4+ T cell responses, with a higher frequency of polyfunctional T cells producing IFN-γ, and TNF-α compared to the classical BCG vaccine. Critically, ARM also induced strong humoral immunity, marked by elevated Mtb- and ARM-specific IgG levels that enhanced FcγR-dependent phagocytosis, phagosome–lysosome fusion, and intracellular bacterial clearance. ARM-treated mice exhibited reduced pulmonary pathology, improved weight recovery, and superior control of bacterial burden. These findings demonstrate the potential of therapeutic vaccination to mobilize both cellular and antibody-mediated immunity in controlling Mtb infection and offer a broader immunological strategy for managing chronic infectious diseases. ARM represents a promising candidate for post-exposure TB vaccination, with potential to enhance bacterial clearance and reduce disease progression in high-burden populations.
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spelling doaj-art-8f9035ea2b504fffbf25c1af4a642e2a2025-08-20T03:36:41ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242025-08-011610.3389/fimmu.2025.16249231624923Therapeutic vaccination with the Ag85B-Rv2660c-MPT70 fusion protein enhances Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra clearance in post-exposure miceZhiming Hu0Shaohua Guo1Wenlong Chen2Jiangshan Ouyang3Chunxu Huang4Ting Cao5Jun Mou6Xinxia Gu7Jie Liu8Jie Liu9Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Research, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, ChinaCenter for Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Research, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, ChinaCenter for Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Research, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, ChinaCenter for Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Research, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, ChinaCenter for Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Research, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, ChinaCenter for Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Research, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, ChinaCenter for Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Research, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, ChinaCenter for Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Research, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, ChinaCenter for Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Research, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, ChinaDepartment of Healthcare Intelligence, University of North America, Fairfax, VA, United StatesLatent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), affecting nearly one-quarter of the global population, represents a major barrier to Tuberculosis (TB) eradication and a paradigm of chronic infectious disease. Current chemotherapeutic regimens for TB, although effective, are limited by drug resistance, toxicity, and poor adherence, underscoring the urgent need for alternative strategies. In this study, we investigated ARM—a recombinant fusion protein comprising Ag85B, Rv2660c, and MPT70—as a therapeutic vaccine in a murine model of post-exposure Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. ARM immunization elicited robust CD4+ T cell responses, with a higher frequency of polyfunctional T cells producing IFN-γ, and TNF-α compared to the classical BCG vaccine. Critically, ARM also induced strong humoral immunity, marked by elevated Mtb- and ARM-specific IgG levels that enhanced FcγR-dependent phagocytosis, phagosome–lysosome fusion, and intracellular bacterial clearance. ARM-treated mice exhibited reduced pulmonary pathology, improved weight recovery, and superior control of bacterial burden. These findings demonstrate the potential of therapeutic vaccination to mobilize both cellular and antibody-mediated immunity in controlling Mtb infection and offer a broader immunological strategy for managing chronic infectious diseases. ARM represents a promising candidate for post-exposure TB vaccination, with potential to enhance bacterial clearance and reduce disease progression in high-burden populations.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1624923/fullMycobacterium tuberculosistherapeutic vaccineantibody-dependent phagocytosisAg85BRv2660cMPT70
spellingShingle Zhiming Hu
Shaohua Guo
Wenlong Chen
Jiangshan Ouyang
Chunxu Huang
Ting Cao
Jun Mou
Xinxia Gu
Jie Liu
Jie Liu
Therapeutic vaccination with the Ag85B-Rv2660c-MPT70 fusion protein enhances Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra clearance in post-exposure mice
Frontiers in Immunology
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
therapeutic vaccine
antibody-dependent phagocytosis
Ag85B
Rv2660c
MPT70
title Therapeutic vaccination with the Ag85B-Rv2660c-MPT70 fusion protein enhances Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra clearance in post-exposure mice
title_full Therapeutic vaccination with the Ag85B-Rv2660c-MPT70 fusion protein enhances Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra clearance in post-exposure mice
title_fullStr Therapeutic vaccination with the Ag85B-Rv2660c-MPT70 fusion protein enhances Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra clearance in post-exposure mice
title_full_unstemmed Therapeutic vaccination with the Ag85B-Rv2660c-MPT70 fusion protein enhances Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra clearance in post-exposure mice
title_short Therapeutic vaccination with the Ag85B-Rv2660c-MPT70 fusion protein enhances Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra clearance in post-exposure mice
title_sort therapeutic vaccination with the ag85b rv2660c mpt70 fusion protein enhances mycobacterium tuberculosis h37ra clearance in post exposure mice
topic Mycobacterium tuberculosis
therapeutic vaccine
antibody-dependent phagocytosis
Ag85B
Rv2660c
MPT70
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1624923/full
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