Immune modulation: the key to combat SARS-CoV-2 induced myocardial injury

The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which caused the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, has posed significant healthcare challenges. In addition to respiratory complications, it has led to severe damage in other organs, particularly the cardiovasc...

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Main Authors: Zhaoqing Li, Luning Qin, Xiaojian Xu, Ruolan Chen, Guoliang Zhang, Banghui Wang, Bing Li, Xian-Ming Chu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-05-01
Series:Frontiers in Immunology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1561946/full
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author Zhaoqing Li
Luning Qin
Xiaojian Xu
Ruolan Chen
Guoliang Zhang
Banghui Wang
Bing Li
Xian-Ming Chu
Xian-Ming Chu
author_facet Zhaoqing Li
Luning Qin
Xiaojian Xu
Ruolan Chen
Guoliang Zhang
Banghui Wang
Bing Li
Xian-Ming Chu
Xian-Ming Chu
author_sort Zhaoqing Li
collection DOAJ
description The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which caused the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, has posed significant healthcare challenges. In addition to respiratory complications, it has led to severe damage in other organs, particularly the cardiovascular system. Of which, myocardial injury is increasingly recognized as a most significant complication, contributing to the high mortality. Recent research indicates the pivotal role of immune dysregulation in mediating myocardial injury in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. In this review, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the immune mechanisms involved in SARS-CoV-2-induced myocardial damage, focusing on the roles of key immune cells and molecules that contribute to this pathological process. Aiming at mitigating the myocardial injury of COVID-19, we review immune-based treatments under evaluation in preclinical and clinical trials. Along with talking about the similarities and differences in myocardial injury resulting from SARS-CoV-2, the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV). This article provides a unique perspective on using past experiences to prevent myocardial injury in the face of ongoing virus mutations.
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institution DOAJ
issn 1664-3224
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publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format Article
series Frontiers in Immunology
spelling doaj-art-8f8e590a379744c2b629082b2b8ca08e2025-08-20T02:58:29ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242025-05-011610.3389/fimmu.2025.15619461561946Immune modulation: the key to combat SARS-CoV-2 induced myocardial injuryZhaoqing Li0Luning Qin1Xiaojian Xu2Ruolan Chen3Guoliang Zhang4Banghui Wang5Bing Li6Xian-Ming Chu7Xian-Ming Chu8Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, ChinaDepartment of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, ChinaDepartment of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, ChinaDepartment of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, ChinaDepartment of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, ChinaDepartment of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, ChinaDepartment of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, ChinaDepartment of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, ChinaDepartment of Cardiology, The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, ChinaThe outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which caused the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, has posed significant healthcare challenges. In addition to respiratory complications, it has led to severe damage in other organs, particularly the cardiovascular system. Of which, myocardial injury is increasingly recognized as a most significant complication, contributing to the high mortality. Recent research indicates the pivotal role of immune dysregulation in mediating myocardial injury in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. In this review, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the immune mechanisms involved in SARS-CoV-2-induced myocardial damage, focusing on the roles of key immune cells and molecules that contribute to this pathological process. Aiming at mitigating the myocardial injury of COVID-19, we review immune-based treatments under evaluation in preclinical and clinical trials. Along with talking about the similarities and differences in myocardial injury resulting from SARS-CoV-2, the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV). This article provides a unique perspective on using past experiences to prevent myocardial injury in the face of ongoing virus mutations.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1561946/fullmyocardial injuryimmunitySARS-CoV-2COVID-19therapeuticscardiovascular
spellingShingle Zhaoqing Li
Luning Qin
Xiaojian Xu
Ruolan Chen
Guoliang Zhang
Banghui Wang
Bing Li
Xian-Ming Chu
Xian-Ming Chu
Immune modulation: the key to combat SARS-CoV-2 induced myocardial injury
Frontiers in Immunology
myocardial injury
immunity
SARS-CoV-2
COVID-19
therapeutics
cardiovascular
title Immune modulation: the key to combat SARS-CoV-2 induced myocardial injury
title_full Immune modulation: the key to combat SARS-CoV-2 induced myocardial injury
title_fullStr Immune modulation: the key to combat SARS-CoV-2 induced myocardial injury
title_full_unstemmed Immune modulation: the key to combat SARS-CoV-2 induced myocardial injury
title_short Immune modulation: the key to combat SARS-CoV-2 induced myocardial injury
title_sort immune modulation the key to combat sars cov 2 induced myocardial injury
topic myocardial injury
immunity
SARS-CoV-2
COVID-19
therapeutics
cardiovascular
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1561946/full
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