Understanding climate change anxiety and anticipatory climate disaster stress: A survey of residents in a high-risk California county during wildfire season

Background With the increasing prevalence of climate-related disasters, psychological responses, including climate change anxiety and anticipatory climate disaster stress, have received heightened attention.Objective We investigate the correlates of climate change anxiety and anticipatory climate di...

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Main Authors: E Alison Holman, Tiffany Junchen Tao, Kayley D Estes, Farshid Vahedifard, Roxane Cohen Silver
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMJ Publishing Group 2025-05-01
Series:BMJ Mental Health
Online Access:https://mentalhealth.bmj.com/content/28/1/e301331.full
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author E Alison Holman
Tiffany Junchen Tao
Kayley D Estes
Farshid Vahedifard
Roxane Cohen Silver
author_facet E Alison Holman
Tiffany Junchen Tao
Kayley D Estes
Farshid Vahedifard
Roxane Cohen Silver
author_sort E Alison Holman
collection DOAJ
description Background With the increasing prevalence of climate-related disasters, psychological responses, including climate change anxiety and anticipatory climate disaster stress, have received heightened attention.Objective We investigate the correlates of climate change anxiety and anticipatory climate disaster stress, as well as the nature of these psychological responses.Methods At the start of the annual fire season (June to August 2023), we recruited a county-representative sample of n=813 residents of Lake County, in Northern California, to complete an anonymous online survey. Multiple regression analyses identified correlates of climate change anxiety and anticipatory climate disaster stress and explored how anxiety and stress were associated with disaster preparedness.Findings Climate change anxiety, assessed via its cognitive-emotional impairment (odds ratio (OR)loss/injury=1.68; ORmedia=2.37) and functional impairment (ORloss/injury=1.68; ORmedia=2.63) subfactors, and anticipatory climate disaster stress (bloss/injury=0.15, bmedia=0.26) were associated with previous wildfire-induced loss/injury and media exposure to wildfire-related content. Anticipatory climate disaster stress was also associated with the frequency of being in an evacuation zone (b=0.05). Both the cognitive-emotional impairment subfactor of climate change anxiety (incidence rate ratio (IRR)=1.23) and anticipatory climate disaster stress (IRR=1.14) were associated with preparing an emergency kit and power outage supplies; anticipatory climate disaster stress was associated with evacuation intentions should an actual fire occur (b=0.12).Conclusions Prior experiences with climate disasters could explain people’s psychological responses to climate change. These responses could be temporally appropriate and functionally adaptive, given the immediacy of a potential fire.Clinical implications Climate change anxiety and anticipatory climate disaster stress should not be oversimplified as typical clinical symptoms because their presence might motivate adaptive self-protective behaviours in the face of an upcoming disaster.
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spelling doaj-art-8f80a68cb1c1497f88ab0d6d9136d6c22025-08-20T01:52:18ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Mental Health2755-97342025-05-0128110.1136/bmjment-2024-301331Understanding climate change anxiety and anticipatory climate disaster stress: A survey of residents in a high-risk California county during wildfire seasonE Alison Holman0Tiffany Junchen Tao1Kayley D Estes2Farshid Vahedifard3Roxane Cohen Silver4Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USADepartment of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USADepartment of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USADepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USADepartment of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USABackground With the increasing prevalence of climate-related disasters, psychological responses, including climate change anxiety and anticipatory climate disaster stress, have received heightened attention.Objective We investigate the correlates of climate change anxiety and anticipatory climate disaster stress, as well as the nature of these psychological responses.Methods At the start of the annual fire season (June to August 2023), we recruited a county-representative sample of n=813 residents of Lake County, in Northern California, to complete an anonymous online survey. Multiple regression analyses identified correlates of climate change anxiety and anticipatory climate disaster stress and explored how anxiety and stress were associated with disaster preparedness.Findings Climate change anxiety, assessed via its cognitive-emotional impairment (odds ratio (OR)loss/injury=1.68; ORmedia=2.37) and functional impairment (ORloss/injury=1.68; ORmedia=2.63) subfactors, and anticipatory climate disaster stress (bloss/injury=0.15, bmedia=0.26) were associated with previous wildfire-induced loss/injury and media exposure to wildfire-related content. Anticipatory climate disaster stress was also associated with the frequency of being in an evacuation zone (b=0.05). Both the cognitive-emotional impairment subfactor of climate change anxiety (incidence rate ratio (IRR)=1.23) and anticipatory climate disaster stress (IRR=1.14) were associated with preparing an emergency kit and power outage supplies; anticipatory climate disaster stress was associated with evacuation intentions should an actual fire occur (b=0.12).Conclusions Prior experiences with climate disasters could explain people’s psychological responses to climate change. These responses could be temporally appropriate and functionally adaptive, given the immediacy of a potential fire.Clinical implications Climate change anxiety and anticipatory climate disaster stress should not be oversimplified as typical clinical symptoms because their presence might motivate adaptive self-protective behaviours in the face of an upcoming disaster.https://mentalhealth.bmj.com/content/28/1/e301331.full
spellingShingle E Alison Holman
Tiffany Junchen Tao
Kayley D Estes
Farshid Vahedifard
Roxane Cohen Silver
Understanding climate change anxiety and anticipatory climate disaster stress: A survey of residents in a high-risk California county during wildfire season
BMJ Mental Health
title Understanding climate change anxiety and anticipatory climate disaster stress: A survey of residents in a high-risk California county during wildfire season
title_full Understanding climate change anxiety and anticipatory climate disaster stress: A survey of residents in a high-risk California county during wildfire season
title_fullStr Understanding climate change anxiety and anticipatory climate disaster stress: A survey of residents in a high-risk California county during wildfire season
title_full_unstemmed Understanding climate change anxiety and anticipatory climate disaster stress: A survey of residents in a high-risk California county during wildfire season
title_short Understanding climate change anxiety and anticipatory climate disaster stress: A survey of residents in a high-risk California county during wildfire season
title_sort understanding climate change anxiety and anticipatory climate disaster stress a survey of residents in a high risk california county during wildfire season
url https://mentalhealth.bmj.com/content/28/1/e301331.full
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