The Complete Genomes of <i>Microcystis ichthyoblabe</i> Kützing and <i>Microcystis protocystis</i> (Crow) Komárek & Anagnostidis Reveal the Complexity and Plasticity of <i>Microcystis</i> Genomes
<i>Microcystis</i> is a genus of cyanobacteria responsible for harmful algal blooms (HABs) in freshwater ecosystems, posing significant ecological and public health risks. Despite its importance, current genomic resources are heavily biased toward <i>Microcystis aeruginosa</i>...
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2025-07-01
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| author | Jina Kim Hyaekang Kim Jaeduk Goh Seung Won Nam Eu Jin Chung Miyoung Shin Donghyeok Seol Ki Hwan Kim Woori Kwak |
| author_facet | Jina Kim Hyaekang Kim Jaeduk Goh Seung Won Nam Eu Jin Chung Miyoung Shin Donghyeok Seol Ki Hwan Kim Woori Kwak |
| author_sort | Jina Kim |
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| description | <i>Microcystis</i> is a genus of cyanobacteria responsible for harmful algal blooms (HABs) in freshwater ecosystems, posing significant ecological and public health risks. Despite its importance, current genomic resources are heavily biased toward <i>Microcystis aeruginosa</i>, limiting comprehensive understanding of genomic diversity within the genus. In this study, we present the first complete genome sequences of two morphospecies, <i>M. ichthyoblabe</i> FBCC-A1114 and <i>M. protocystis</i> FBCC-A270. Using long-read sequencing, both genomes were assembled into single circular chromosomes of 5.84 Mb and 5.76 Mb, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses placed both strains within genospecies G, alongside <i>M. aeruginosa</i> and <i>M. viridis</i>. Comparative analysis of biosynthetic gene clusters revealed that, while most genospecies G members harbor aeruginosin, cyanobactin, and microviridin gene clusters, the two newly sequenced strains lack cyanobactin and microcystin clusters but retain the microginin cluster. Synteny analysis demonstrated high structural conservation between the two genomes, while notable structural variations were observed when compared with <i>M. aeruginosa</i> NIES-298. These findings reveal both functional and structural plasticity within the genospecies, suggesting ecotype diversification driven by environmental adaptation. The newly assembled genomes provide critical resources to refine classification frameworks and advance our understanding of <i>Microcystis</i> genomic diversity. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8f7e1df213604bca9fef9c77a9174055 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj-art-8f7e1df213604bca9fef9c77a91740552025-08-20T03:56:45ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072025-07-01137169310.3390/microorganisms13071693The Complete Genomes of <i>Microcystis ichthyoblabe</i> Kützing and <i>Microcystis protocystis</i> (Crow) Komárek & Anagnostidis Reveal the Complexity and Plasticity of <i>Microcystis</i> GenomesJina Kim0Hyaekang Kim1Jaeduk Goh2Seung Won Nam3Eu Jin Chung4Miyoung Shin5Donghyeok Seol6Ki Hwan Kim7Woori Kwak8Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of KoreaBio-Resources Bank Division, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju 37242, Republic of KoreaProkaryote Research Division, Biological Resources Research Department, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju 37242, Republic of KoreaBio-Resources Bank Division, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju 37242, Republic of KoreaBio-Resources Bank Division, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju 37242, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USADepartment of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam 13620, Republic of KoreaGencube Plus, Seoul 08592, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea<i>Microcystis</i> is a genus of cyanobacteria responsible for harmful algal blooms (HABs) in freshwater ecosystems, posing significant ecological and public health risks. Despite its importance, current genomic resources are heavily biased toward <i>Microcystis aeruginosa</i>, limiting comprehensive understanding of genomic diversity within the genus. In this study, we present the first complete genome sequences of two morphospecies, <i>M. ichthyoblabe</i> FBCC-A1114 and <i>M. protocystis</i> FBCC-A270. Using long-read sequencing, both genomes were assembled into single circular chromosomes of 5.84 Mb and 5.76 Mb, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses placed both strains within genospecies G, alongside <i>M. aeruginosa</i> and <i>M. viridis</i>. Comparative analysis of biosynthetic gene clusters revealed that, while most genospecies G members harbor aeruginosin, cyanobactin, and microviridin gene clusters, the two newly sequenced strains lack cyanobactin and microcystin clusters but retain the microginin cluster. Synteny analysis demonstrated high structural conservation between the two genomes, while notable structural variations were observed when compared with <i>M. aeruginosa</i> NIES-298. These findings reveal both functional and structural plasticity within the genospecies, suggesting ecotype diversification driven by environmental adaptation. The newly assembled genomes provide critical resources to refine classification frameworks and advance our understanding of <i>Microcystis</i> genomic diversity.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/7/1693<i>Microcystis</i>morphospeciescomplete genome |
| spellingShingle | Jina Kim Hyaekang Kim Jaeduk Goh Seung Won Nam Eu Jin Chung Miyoung Shin Donghyeok Seol Ki Hwan Kim Woori Kwak The Complete Genomes of <i>Microcystis ichthyoblabe</i> Kützing and <i>Microcystis protocystis</i> (Crow) Komárek & Anagnostidis Reveal the Complexity and Plasticity of <i>Microcystis</i> Genomes Microorganisms <i>Microcystis</i> morphospecies complete genome |
| title | The Complete Genomes of <i>Microcystis ichthyoblabe</i> Kützing and <i>Microcystis protocystis</i> (Crow) Komárek & Anagnostidis Reveal the Complexity and Plasticity of <i>Microcystis</i> Genomes |
| title_full | The Complete Genomes of <i>Microcystis ichthyoblabe</i> Kützing and <i>Microcystis protocystis</i> (Crow) Komárek & Anagnostidis Reveal the Complexity and Plasticity of <i>Microcystis</i> Genomes |
| title_fullStr | The Complete Genomes of <i>Microcystis ichthyoblabe</i> Kützing and <i>Microcystis protocystis</i> (Crow) Komárek & Anagnostidis Reveal the Complexity and Plasticity of <i>Microcystis</i> Genomes |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Complete Genomes of <i>Microcystis ichthyoblabe</i> Kützing and <i>Microcystis protocystis</i> (Crow) Komárek & Anagnostidis Reveal the Complexity and Plasticity of <i>Microcystis</i> Genomes |
| title_short | The Complete Genomes of <i>Microcystis ichthyoblabe</i> Kützing and <i>Microcystis protocystis</i> (Crow) Komárek & Anagnostidis Reveal the Complexity and Plasticity of <i>Microcystis</i> Genomes |
| title_sort | complete genomes of i microcystis ichthyoblabe i kutzing and i microcystis protocystis i crow komarek anagnostidis reveal the complexity and plasticity of i microcystis i genomes |
| topic | <i>Microcystis</i> morphospecies complete genome |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/7/1693 |
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