Impacts of sinusoidal heat flux and embraced heated rectangular cavity on natural convection within a square enclosure partially filled with porous medium and Casson-hybrid nanofluid

In the current research, the influence of a sinusoidal heat flux and a heated rectangular cavity in a partially porous Casson hybrid nanofluid-filled square enclosure being affected by a constant magnetic field imposed in the x-direction having magnitude B 0, on natural convection wer...

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Main Authors: Ahlawat Anil, Sharma Mukesh Kumar, Ghachem Kaouther, Alshammari Badr M., Kolsi Lioua
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: De Gruyter 2025-05-01
Series:Open Physics
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1515/phys-2025-0142
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author Ahlawat Anil
Sharma Mukesh Kumar
Ghachem Kaouther
Alshammari Badr M.
Kolsi Lioua
author_facet Ahlawat Anil
Sharma Mukesh Kumar
Ghachem Kaouther
Alshammari Badr M.
Kolsi Lioua
author_sort Ahlawat Anil
collection DOAJ
description In the current research, the influence of a sinusoidal heat flux and a heated rectangular cavity in a partially porous Casson hybrid nanofluid-filled square enclosure being affected by a constant magnetic field imposed in the x-direction having magnitude B 0, on natural convection were investigated numerically. A rectangular heated cavity having width H/5 and height H/2 was positioned in the middle of the square enclosure. The sinusoidal heat flux of length H/2 is positioned centrally at the enclosure’s bottom wall, although the top wall is at a lower temperature, say T c, and the rest of the enclosure was insulated. The finite-difference method, combined with the successive over relaxation, successive under relaxation, and Gauss–Siedel techniques, is employed to address the challenge of solving the nonlinear coupled governing partial differential equations of motion and energy. Numerical calculations were carried out using the values of the relevant parameters in the range 0 ≤\le Ha ≤\le 15, 104 ≤\le \hspace{1em}Ra ≤\le 106, 0.00≤ϕhnf≤0.040.00\le {{\rm{\phi }}}_{{\rm{hnf}}}\le 0.04, 10−5 ≤Da\le {\rm{Da}} ≤\le 10−3, 0.1 ≤\le γ\gamma ≤\le 1, 4 ≤\le N ≤\le 12. The Kirpichev heat number (Ki=1{K}_{i}=1) and Prandtl number (Pr = 6.26) are fixed throughout the study. Contour plots for isotherms and streamlines were plotted to ascertain the impacts of distinct factors on them. The results of this investigation suggest that the heat transfer rate rises as ϕhnf{{\rm{\phi }}}_{{\rm{hnf}}}, Ra, and γ\gamma rise and reduce as the Ha and N rises. Finally, it has been observed that decreasing the heated rectangular cavity’s aspect ratio leads to a substantial enhancement in heat transfer from both the heat flux and the heated rectangular cavity.
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spelling doaj-art-8f7becf2e6cf449b94d8ae2e9a9d525e2025-08-20T03:52:47ZengDe GruyterOpen Physics2391-54712025-05-0123131910.1515/phys-2025-0142Impacts of sinusoidal heat flux and embraced heated rectangular cavity on natural convection within a square enclosure partially filled with porous medium and Casson-hybrid nanofluidAhlawat Anil0Sharma Mukesh Kumar1Ghachem Kaouther2Alshammari Badr M.3Kolsi Lioua4Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303007, IndiaDepartment of Mathematics, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, 125001, IndiaDepartment of Industrial and Systems Engineering, College of Engineering, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O.Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, 81451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, 81451, Saudi ArabiaIn the current research, the influence of a sinusoidal heat flux and a heated rectangular cavity in a partially porous Casson hybrid nanofluid-filled square enclosure being affected by a constant magnetic field imposed in the x-direction having magnitude B 0, on natural convection were investigated numerically. A rectangular heated cavity having width H/5 and height H/2 was positioned in the middle of the square enclosure. The sinusoidal heat flux of length H/2 is positioned centrally at the enclosure’s bottom wall, although the top wall is at a lower temperature, say T c, and the rest of the enclosure was insulated. The finite-difference method, combined with the successive over relaxation, successive under relaxation, and Gauss–Siedel techniques, is employed to address the challenge of solving the nonlinear coupled governing partial differential equations of motion and energy. Numerical calculations were carried out using the values of the relevant parameters in the range 0 ≤\le Ha ≤\le 15, 104 ≤\le \hspace{1em}Ra ≤\le 106, 0.00≤ϕhnf≤0.040.00\le {{\rm{\phi }}}_{{\rm{hnf}}}\le 0.04, 10−5 ≤Da\le {\rm{Da}} ≤\le 10−3, 0.1 ≤\le γ\gamma ≤\le 1, 4 ≤\le N ≤\le 12. The Kirpichev heat number (Ki=1{K}_{i}=1) and Prandtl number (Pr = 6.26) are fixed throughout the study. Contour plots for isotherms and streamlines were plotted to ascertain the impacts of distinct factors on them. The results of this investigation suggest that the heat transfer rate rises as ϕhnf{{\rm{\phi }}}_{{\rm{hnf}}}, Ra, and γ\gamma rise and reduce as the Ha and N rises. Finally, it has been observed that decreasing the heated rectangular cavity’s aspect ratio leads to a substantial enhancement in heat transfer from both the heat flux and the heated rectangular cavity.https://doi.org/10.1515/phys-2025-0142natural convectioncasson fluidhybrid nanofluidheated rectangular cavityaverage nusselt number
spellingShingle Ahlawat Anil
Sharma Mukesh Kumar
Ghachem Kaouther
Alshammari Badr M.
Kolsi Lioua
Impacts of sinusoidal heat flux and embraced heated rectangular cavity on natural convection within a square enclosure partially filled with porous medium and Casson-hybrid nanofluid
Open Physics
natural convection
casson fluid
hybrid nanofluid
heated rectangular cavity
average nusselt number
title Impacts of sinusoidal heat flux and embraced heated rectangular cavity on natural convection within a square enclosure partially filled with porous medium and Casson-hybrid nanofluid
title_full Impacts of sinusoidal heat flux and embraced heated rectangular cavity on natural convection within a square enclosure partially filled with porous medium and Casson-hybrid nanofluid
title_fullStr Impacts of sinusoidal heat flux and embraced heated rectangular cavity on natural convection within a square enclosure partially filled with porous medium and Casson-hybrid nanofluid
title_full_unstemmed Impacts of sinusoidal heat flux and embraced heated rectangular cavity on natural convection within a square enclosure partially filled with porous medium and Casson-hybrid nanofluid
title_short Impacts of sinusoidal heat flux and embraced heated rectangular cavity on natural convection within a square enclosure partially filled with porous medium and Casson-hybrid nanofluid
title_sort impacts of sinusoidal heat flux and embraced heated rectangular cavity on natural convection within a square enclosure partially filled with porous medium and casson hybrid nanofluid
topic natural convection
casson fluid
hybrid nanofluid
heated rectangular cavity
average nusselt number
url https://doi.org/10.1515/phys-2025-0142
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