Generation and optimisation of colour-shaded relief maps using neural networks

Shaded relief is a primary tool used to effectively portray three-dimensional terrain on a two-dimensional plane surface. Colour-shaded relief maps use colour variations to effectively represent elevation changes and even capture the natural hues of surface landscapes. This study evaluates and propo...

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Main Authors: Chenglin Bian, Shaomei Li, Jingzhen Ma, Guangzhi Yin, Bowei Wen, Linghui Kong
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2024-01-01
Series:Geocarto International
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/10106049.2024.2322085
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author Chenglin Bian
Shaomei Li
Jingzhen Ma
Guangzhi Yin
Bowei Wen
Linghui Kong
author_facet Chenglin Bian
Shaomei Li
Jingzhen Ma
Guangzhi Yin
Bowei Wen
Linghui Kong
author_sort Chenglin Bian
collection DOAJ
description Shaded relief is a primary tool used to effectively portray three-dimensional terrain on a two-dimensional plane surface. Colour-shaded relief maps use colour variations to effectively represent elevation changes and even capture the natural hues of surface landscapes. This study evaluates and proposes methods for creating colour-shaded relief maps using neural networks. Four distinct neural network shading models were trained using a dataset composed of slices from ‘digital elevation model (DEM)–manual colour-shaded relief maps’. The aim was to generate colour-shaded relief maps based on DEM data specific to the mapped area. The experimental results suggest that all four types of network-based shaded relief maps models effectively depict the primary terrain features within the mapped area. The CGAN (UNet generator) model yields the most optimal results, showcasing the superior cartographic generalisation of relief and delineation of terrain structures compared with the other models. Specialised training was conducted for the CGAN (UNet generator) shaded relief model to improve the clarity and authenticity of colour-shaded relief maps.
format Article
id doaj-art-8f7b3aade3cd4a159a96212af6be1128
institution OA Journals
issn 1010-6049
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language English
publishDate 2024-01-01
publisher Taylor & Francis Group
record_format Article
series Geocarto International
spelling doaj-art-8f7b3aade3cd4a159a96212af6be11282025-08-20T01:59:21ZengTaylor & Francis GroupGeocarto International1010-60491752-07622024-01-0139110.1080/10106049.2024.2322085Generation and optimisation of colour-shaded relief maps using neural networksChenglin Bian0Shaomei Li1Jingzhen Ma2Guangzhi Yin3Bowei Wen4Linghui Kong5Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, Henan, ChinaInformation Engineering University, Zhengzhou, Henan, ChinaInformation Engineering University, Zhengzhou, Henan, ChinaInformation Engineering University, Zhengzhou, Henan, ChinaInformation Engineering University, Zhengzhou, Henan, ChinaInformation Engineering University, Zhengzhou, Henan, ChinaShaded relief is a primary tool used to effectively portray three-dimensional terrain on a two-dimensional plane surface. Colour-shaded relief maps use colour variations to effectively represent elevation changes and even capture the natural hues of surface landscapes. This study evaluates and proposes methods for creating colour-shaded relief maps using neural networks. Four distinct neural network shading models were trained using a dataset composed of slices from ‘digital elevation model (DEM)–manual colour-shaded relief maps’. The aim was to generate colour-shaded relief maps based on DEM data specific to the mapped area. The experimental results suggest that all four types of network-based shaded relief maps models effectively depict the primary terrain features within the mapped area. The CGAN (UNet generator) model yields the most optimal results, showcasing the superior cartographic generalisation of relief and delineation of terrain structures compared with the other models. Specialised training was conducted for the CGAN (UNet generator) shaded relief model to improve the clarity and authenticity of colour-shaded relief maps.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/10106049.2024.2322085Shaded reliefcolour-shaded relief mapsdeep learningneural networkcartography
spellingShingle Chenglin Bian
Shaomei Li
Jingzhen Ma
Guangzhi Yin
Bowei Wen
Linghui Kong
Generation and optimisation of colour-shaded relief maps using neural networks
Geocarto International
Shaded relief
colour-shaded relief maps
deep learning
neural network
cartography
title Generation and optimisation of colour-shaded relief maps using neural networks
title_full Generation and optimisation of colour-shaded relief maps using neural networks
title_fullStr Generation and optimisation of colour-shaded relief maps using neural networks
title_full_unstemmed Generation and optimisation of colour-shaded relief maps using neural networks
title_short Generation and optimisation of colour-shaded relief maps using neural networks
title_sort generation and optimisation of colour shaded relief maps using neural networks
topic Shaded relief
colour-shaded relief maps
deep learning
neural network
cartography
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/10106049.2024.2322085
work_keys_str_mv AT chenglinbian generationandoptimisationofcolourshadedreliefmapsusingneuralnetworks
AT shaomeili generationandoptimisationofcolourshadedreliefmapsusingneuralnetworks
AT jingzhenma generationandoptimisationofcolourshadedreliefmapsusingneuralnetworks
AT guangzhiyin generationandoptimisationofcolourshadedreliefmapsusingneuralnetworks
AT boweiwen generationandoptimisationofcolourshadedreliefmapsusingneuralnetworks
AT linghuikong generationandoptimisationofcolourshadedreliefmapsusingneuralnetworks